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SEHS > UNIT 1.1 - SKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

UNIT 1.1 - SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Superior

A

Towards the head of the body (eg- the humerous is superior to the ulner)

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2
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head of the body; lower (eg - tibia is inferior to pelvic girdle)

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3
Q

Anterior

A

Front (eg - patella is located on the anterior side of the leg)

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4
Q

Posterior

A

Back (eg - scapula is on the posterior side)

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5
Q

Medial

A

Towards the midline of the body

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6
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

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7
Q

Proximal

A

Towards or nearest to the trunk or point of origin of a part (eg - proximal end of femur joins with pelvic bone)

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8
Q

Distal

A

away from or farthest from the trunk or point of origin of a part (eg - metacarpals located at distal end of ulna)

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9
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

the centre of the human body. It houses and protects vital organs. Consists of skull, ribs, sternum, vertebral column

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10
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Consists of pectoral girdle, humerus radius, ulna, carpals, etc

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11
Q

Function of axial skeleton

A

Has 2 main functions: first to protect and support organs in dorsal and ventral cavities. Secondly, it creates surface for attachment of muscles. Joints within the axial skeleton provide limited movement. Made up of 126 bones. Provides stability, balance and bodily structure.

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12
Q

Function of appendicular skeleton

A

Proviedes movement and joints are not fused. Allows a person to move their limbs during movement

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13
Q

Long bones

A

humerus, femur, fibula, tibia, radius, ulna, metacarpal, metatarsal, phalanges

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14
Q

Short bones

A

Tarsals, carpals

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15
Q

Irregular bones

A

vertebrae, sacrum

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16
Q

Cartilage

A

Joins bone and allows limited movement

17
Q

Ligament

A

attaches bone to bone. Helps provide stability to synovial joints

18
Q

Tendon

A

Attachet skeletal muscle to bone. Helps provide stability for synovial joints. Tendons enable flexion and/or extension of the joint

19
Q

What is the main function of the knee joint?

A

The knee joint lugament attaches the femur to the tibia, and provides stability

20
Q

Define the term joint

A

a joint occurs where two or more bone articulate

21
Q

What are the three types of carilaginous joints?

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

22
Q

What is a fibrous joint?

A

fibrous joints are connected by dense connective tissue and consist mainly of collagen. They are also called fixed joints because they do not move. They have no joint cavity and are connected via fibrous connective tissue. Eg - the skull bones begin to fuse after birth to protect the brian

23
Q

What is a cartilaginous joint?

A

Connected entirely by cartilage. They allow more movement between bones than fibrous joints, but less than synovial joints. Eg - the joint between the manubrium and the sternum. This type of joint also forms in the growth regions of immature long bones and the intervertebral discs of the spine.

24
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

Most common and moveable joint. They are freely moveable articulations. The continguous bony surfaces are convered with articular cartilage and connected by ligaments lined by synovial membrane. The joint may be divided by an articular disk or meniscus, the periphery of which is continuous with the fibrous capsule while its free surfaces are covered by synovial membrane. eg - knee

25
Q

Articular cartilage

A

lines the end of bones to enable emooth movement

26
Q

Synovial membrane

A

holds synovial fluid in place

27
Q

Synovial fluid

A

lubricated and nourishes the joint to provide smooth movement and reduces friction

28
Q

Bursae

A

provides a cushion between bones and tendons and/or muscles

29
Q

Meniscus

A

shock absorber between the bones in synovial joint (not attached to the bones)

30
Q

Ligaments

A

Bone to bone connectors used to hold the joint together

31
Q

Articular capsule

A

Encapsulates the entire joint

32
Q

Gliding joint

A

acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints

33
Q

Hinge Joint

A

elbow, knee, ankle

34
Q

Pivot joint

A

atlas/axis, proximal radio-ulner

35
Q

Condyloid

A

Radiocarpal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints 2-5

36
Q

Saddle joint

A

first carpometacarpal joints

37
Q

Ball + Socket joint

A

shoulder, hip joints

SEHS (8 decks)

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