unit 12

Question 1

solvent

Answer 1

substance that dissolves a solute

Question 2

solute

Answer 2

substance that is dissolved in a solvent

Question 3

solution

Answer 3

mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent

Question 4

saturated solution

Answer 4

solution containing the maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent at a specified temperature (solute is at saturation point, no more can dissolve)

Question 5

residue

Answer 5

solid substsance that remains after evaporation, distillation, filtration, or any similar process

Question 6

filtrate

Answer 6

liquid or solution that has passed through a filter

Question 7

why is paper chromatography used?

Answer 7

to separate mixtures of soluble coloured substances, using a suitable solvent

Question 8

unsaturated ***

Answer 8

dissolved solute is below saturated point, more can dssolve

Question 9

supersaturated ***

Answer 9

dissolved solute is above saturated point, additional solute gathers at bottom

Question 10

filtration

Answer 10

technique used to separate insoluble substances from soluble substances/compounds

Question 11

crystalisation

Answer 11

technique used to separate a soluble solute from its solution

Question 12

6 steps of distillation *

Answer 12

1) salt water is aqueous
2) heat is added so salt water evaporates to a gas
3) water is at its bp which is 100C
4) this water goes down to the condenser which is cold
5) liquid condenses into a condensate
6) H2O goes into the conical flask and there ends up as the distillate

Question 13

Distillation

Answer 13

-separates 2 or more liquids with different boiling points
-separates soluble solid from solution

Question 14

4 ways to separate compounds

Answer 14

-crystallisation
-distillation
-fractional distillation
-filteration

Question 15

solvent front **

Answer 15

height the solvent reaches on the paper

Question 16

Rf value

Answer 16

fraction, percentage, decimal, or ratio of how far chemical has moved. The total solvent distance

Question 17

independant variable

Answer 17

one that changes, x axis

Question 18

dependant variable

Answer 18

one you measure, y axis

Question 19

control variable

Answer 19

one that stays the same

Question 20

test for CO2 ***

Answer 20

If CO2 is present, lime water turns milky

Question 21

test for ammonia

Answer 21

damp, red litmus paper turns blue

Question 22

test for hydrogen ***

Answer 22

a lit splint combusts with a squeaky pop

Question 23

test for oxygen ***

Answer 23

a glowing splint relights

Question 24

downward delivery *

Answer 24

if gas is more dense than air (heavier), collect this way.

Question 25

upward delivery *

Answer 25

if gas is less dense than air (lighter), collect this way

Question 26

sulfur dioxide in water

Answer 26

sulfuric acid

Question 27

Nitrogen dioxide in water

Answer 27

nitric acid

Question 28

hydrogen chloride gas in water (soluble)

Answer 28

hydrochloric acid