Unit 12 Flashcards
What are clinical manifestations of a panic disorder?
Panic attacks with concern or worry about additional panic attacks or their consequences
What are clinical manifestations of social anxiety disorder?
Severe anxiety or fear provoked by exposure to a social or performance situation that will be evaluated negatively by others
What are clinical manifestations of generalized anxiety disorder?
Excessive worry that lasts for months
What is the nursing process with OCD?
What are certain phobias?
Acrophobia - heights
Agoraphobia - open spaces
Astraphobia - electrical storms
Claustrophobia - closed spaces
Glossophobia - talking
Hematophobia - blood
Hydrophobia - water
Monophobia - being alone
Mysophobia - germs/dirt
Nyctophobia - darkness
Pyrophobia - fire
Xenophobia - strangers
Zoophobia - animals
What are risk factors for personality disorders?
What are risk factors for PTSD?
Indirect exposure to trauma
Extent of anticipatory prep for event
Effectiveness of coping
Cohesiveness of family and friends
Severity and duration of stressor
What are interventions for Mild/moderate?
Help focus and solve problems (open-ended questions, give broad openings, explore and seek clarification)
Reduce anxiety/prevent escalation
Evaluate coping mechanisms and consider alternatives to problem situations
Light touch
What are interventions for personality disorder?
What are interventions for severe/panic disorder?
Provide a safe place. and meet physical needs (fluids/rest)
Remain calm
Use firm, short and simple statements
Use medications and restraints
Guide patients through breathing exercises
Offer community support and resources
What are interventions for PTSD?
Stay with them during flashbacks
Provide safety and stabilization
Reduce arousal and regulate emotion through symptom reduction and memory work
Develop skills
Teach coping skills
What are the 10 personality disorders?
Paranoid: mistrust, suspiciousness; be formal, business-like
Schizoid: withdrawal; improve functioning within the community
Schizotypal: Magical thinking
Antisocial: exploitative, guiltless behavior; What for disregard for the rights of others
Borderline: fluctuating attitudes towards others, impulsive, and chaotic relationships
Histrionic: dramatic, colorful
Narcissistic: exaggerated sense of self-worth; has a right to receive consideration, lacks empathy
Avoidant
What are the biological determinants and psychosocial risk factors for personality disorders?
What are common drugs used to thelp wit personality disorders?
SSRIs - decrease irritability, help with anxiety and depression
Benzodiazepines - anxiety and depression
Anticonvulsants - help with mood and emotional dysregulation
Opiate antagonist - help reduce self-injury behavior (Naltrexone)
Second-gen antipsychotics - control anger and brief psychosis
Beta-blockers - reduce autonomic nervous system hyperactivity
Emotional and clinical needs of nurses and staff for patients with personality disorders?
What neurobiological changes occur as a result of trauma?
Trauma can activate the release of cortisol which is the regulator of stress levels
Flashbacks can increase or decrease cortisol levels which can lead to inflammation and behavior
Nursing process to a child with PTSD?
Safety
Decrease arousal
Watch development
Keep within window of tolerance (cortisol lvl)
Connection with others is important
Nursing process to an adult with PTSD?
Recognize the symptoms as related to trauma
Use coping
No flashbacks or intrusive thoughts
Sleep adequately
Maintain relationships
What is mild anxiety?
Everyday problem-solving becomes more effective
Grasps more information
What are moderate anxiety?
Selective inattention (will miss details)
Clear thinking hampered
Problem-solving not optimal
Sympathetic nervous system symptoms begin
What is severe anxiety?
Perceptual field greatly reduced
Difficulty concentrating on environment
Confused and automatic behavior
Somatic (sweating, chest pain, numbness, tremors) symptoms increase
What is the panic level of anxiety?
Markedly disturbed behavior (running, shouting, screaming, pacing)
Unable to process reality
What is an assessment for anxiety?
Sound physical and neurological exam
Determine source of anxiety and level of anxiety
Assess for self-harm
Complete psychosocial assessment (ask about s/s, causes, coping skills, support system, and offer resources)
