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AP Psychology > Unit 12: Abnormal Behavior > Flashcards

Unit 12: Abnormal Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the study of the causes, symptoms, and development of psychological or mental disorders

A

psychopathology

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2
Q

characterized by deviant, maladaptive, or harmful behaviors and disruptive patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting that cause distress and dysfunction and affect the performance of daily functions; can cause distress and discomfort for people who come in contact with a person displaying a disorder

A

mental disorders

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3
Q

behavior that deviates from what society considers acceptable/normal; varies in culture

A

deviance

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4
Q

a situation in which day-to-day functioning is impaired/negatively impacted

A

maladaptive behavior

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5
Q

an individual’s self-report of personal distress

A

personal distress

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6
Q

one of the most common behavioral disorders; restlessness or persistent fidgeting, difficulty maintaining attention/easily distracted

A

ADHD

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7
Q

suggests that psychological disorders are actually sicknesses associated with specific symptoms that must be treated medically

A

medical model

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8
Q

a modern name for the medical model, suggests the psychological disorders are the results of biological factors

A

neurobiological model

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9
Q

states that psychological disorders are the result of psychological processes

A

psychological model

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10
Q

suggests that psychological disorders result from societal roles and expectations, environmental location, gender, age, ethnicity, and social/cultural definitions of normal and abnormal behavior

A

sociocultural model

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11
Q

suggests that psychological disorders are the result of the combination and interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

A

biopsychosocial model

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12
Q

now used by all psychologists for identifying and classifying psychological disorders

A

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM5)

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13
Q

worrying, apprehension, and increases physical arousal; have a hard time concentrating or relaxing because the mind is worrying them

A

anxiety

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14
Q

characterized by extreme feelings of apprehension, which disrupt functioning, and are present for a long time

A

anxiety disorders

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15
Q

mild anxiety not connected to any particular object or situation that tends to last for a long period of time; includes irritability, fatigue, and belief something terrible is going to happen

A

generalized anxiety disorder

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16
Q

involves sudden occurrence of panic attacks: rapid heart rate, heavy breathing, dizziness, sweating, and fainting

A

panic disorder

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17
Q

irrational fear of an object or situation that doesn’t warrant such fear, resulting in avoidance of the object or situation

A

phobia

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18
Q

irrational fear of open, public places, can lead to one’s staying at home all the time

A

agoraphobia

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19
Q

a phobia that involves a particular fear; avoidance of animals or fear of heights

A

specific phobia

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20
Q

irrational fears related to social situations, fear of being criticized by others

A

social phobia

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21
Q

involves repetitive thoughts (obsessions) that often lead to ritualistic and repetitive behaviors (compulsions)

A

OCD

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22
Q

symptoms of anxiety in response to extreme physical or psychological trauma, causing the person to avoid any situations that resemble the trauma

A

PTSD

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23
Q

research has also shown that people with anxiety disorders have predispositions, which affect certain neurotransmitters in the brain

A

biological perspective

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24
Q

a neurotransmitter linked with arousal; tends to be overactive in people experiencing anxiety disorders

A

norepinephrine

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25
a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of sleep and mood, shows a lack of functioning in people exhibiting anxiety disorders
serotonin
26
an inhibitory neurotransmitter, has also been implicated in anxiety disorders
GABA
27
psychological factors could also play a role in the onset of anxiety disorders
learning perspective
28
can range from occasional, manageable sadness to extreme episodes of depression that require hospitalization
depression
29
person experiences extreme depression, which can last for weeks or months, during which time 1 or many depressive episodes are experienced; changes in activity levels, eating habits, and hygiene; cognitive problems; person feels worthless; suicidal ideations
major depressive disorder
30
less intense depression, often of longer duration than major; lacks interest (feels sad); must have depressive symptoms for long than 2 years
dysthymic disorder
31
polar opposite of depression
bipolar disorder
32
characterized by extreme enthusiasm, an optimistic outlook, and an energetic state of mind; belief that he/she can do anything
mania
33
(manic depressive disorder) alternating between periods of deep depression, characterized by major depressive symptoms and mania; brief "normal moods" between periods of depression and mania
Bipolar 1 disorder
34
major depressive episodes alternate with periods of hypomania, less severe symptoms of mania
Bipolar 2 disorder
35
involves alternating periods of depression and mania, but less severe than characteristics associated with bipolar
cyclothymic disorder
36
depression that is frequently associated with the darker winter months, suggests that depression might be related to malfunctions in the body's circadian clock
seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
37
compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes
rumination
38
a severe and often debilitation disorder that involves patterns of disturbed thinking, perceptions, emotions, and behavior
schizophrenia
39
loss of touch with reality and irrational thoughts/behaviors
psychosis
40
using words that only have meaning to the person saying them
neologisms
41
words based on double meanings or on the way the word sounds
clang associations
42
one thought doesn't seem to be connected with another
loose associations
43
repetition of nonmeaningful statements
word salad
44
false or distorted beliefs
delusions
45
false reports of perceptions (not common to see things)
hallucinations
46
displayed emotions that don't coincide with the situation
inappropriate emotions
47
including disorganized thoughts, hallucinations, and delusions (excess or adding something)
positive symptoms
48
include a schizophrenic's lack of pleasure and motivation, speech skills, and expression of emotion, or flat effect (taking something away)
negative symptoms
49
slow to develop, and recovery is doubtful
chronic schiz
50
develops rapidly, and the chance of recovery is better
acute schiz
51
delusions of grandeur or persecution; onset often very sudden
paranoid schiz
52
many homeless people affected; delusions and hallucinations; disorganized thinking and speech; neglected hygiene
disorganized schiz
53
odd movements (immobility/unexpected bodily movements); waxy flexibility
catatonic schiz
54
the body becomes rigid and doesn't change position for long periods
waxy flexibility
55
doesn't fall into any category bc of disordered display of behavior, emotions, and thoughts
undifferentiated schiz
56
people who once had schizophrenic symptoms but are not presently experiencing or displaying symptoms
residual schiz
57
have been linked to the development of schizophrenia including undersized are of the thalamus, prefrontal cortex, and other cortical areas; may be increased sized in the ventricles (fluid-filled spaces in the brain); excessive dopamine and receptor sites
brain abnormalities
58
by blocking dopamine via the administration of antipsychotic drugs, researchers have successfully reduced hallucinations and delusions in schizophrenics
dopamine hypothesis
59
suggests that shiz is the result of a biological predisposition and the amount of stress one encounter; based on the strength of biological predisposition
vulnerability theory of schiz
60
occur when people experience psychological problems associated with physical symptoms that are not linked to a physical cause
somatoform disorders
61
sensory and motor failure, blindness, deafness, or paralyzed limbs with no identifiable physical cause; usually first appears in childhood/adolescence; doesn't show concern for inoperative sensory and motor functions
conversion disorder
62
intense feelings of having a physical illness with no justifiable cause; a person believes he or she already has a disease; very quickly seek medical treatment
hypochondriasis
63
people have severe pain without any known physical cause
somatization disorder
64
reported severe pain without any known physical cause
pain disorder
65
rare occurrences that involve sudden and mostly temporary disruptions to a person's memory, consciousness, and identity
dissociative disorders
66
sudden loss of memory resulting in a new identity and moving to a new location (amnesia coupled with active flight); a person doesn't have recall of previous life
dissociative fugue
67
a sudden loss of memory; a person has no recall of previous life, but does not move to a new location
dissociate amnesia
68
formally called multiple personality disorder; a person exhibits more than one personality that is unique by style of thinking, speaking, acting, feeling, and memories
dissociate identity disorder
69
a condition in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent woman) continuously loses weight but still feels overweight
anorexia nervosa
70
a disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, using laxatives, fasting, or excessive exercise
bulimia nervosa
71
a disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating, followed by feelings of remorse or disgust, but without purging or fasting
binge eating disorder
72
paranoia, schizoid, and schizotypal
cluster A: odd-eccentric
73
histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, antisocial
cluster B: dramatic-erratic
74
dependent, obsessive-compulsive, avoidant
cluster C: anxious-fearful
75
distrust of others, believe people are out to harm them; could react with violence to defend themselves
paranoid
76
no social relationships; the "hermit"
schizoid
77
problems with either starting or maintaining relationships; odd perceptions, emotions, thoughts, and behaviors
schizotypal
78
obsessed with being center of attention; very dramatic; emotionally shallow person
histrionic
79
exaggerated belief that he or she is very important and has achieved much success; arrogant
narcissistic
80
instability of emotions, impulse control, obsessive fear of being alone, difficulty maintaining relationships and routines
boarderline
81
no feelings of regard for others and their welfare; lack of conscience or remorse; most heavily studied personality disorder; sociopath and psychopath have been described as this
antisocial
82
an enormous need to be taken care of; cannot make decision; very needy
dependent
83
obsession with order and control; perfectionist
obsessive-compulsive
84
oversensitive to criticism; does not partake in social situations
avoidant

AP Psychology (5 decks)

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