Unit 12 Aging Flashcards
define aging from different perspectives.
- Chronological age—how old we are in calendar years measured by time such as years and months
- Functional age—a combination of chronological, physiological, and emotional ages
- Physiological age—the normal functioning of our bodies as controlled by the interactions between physical and
chemical bodily states - Psychological age—an individual perception of how “old” a person feels, sometimes based on an individual’s behaviour
- Social age—refers to how individuals are perceived and the roles and behaviors expected of them based on societal norms and cultural expectations, which may differ from their chronological age. It takes into account social roles, relationships, and cultural context.
What is senescence (Theories of Aging)
Senescence refers to the phase of old age in which there is much deterioration of body functioning. Theories on aging are broadly categorized as biological or psychosocial, but they are not mutually exclusive. Of the various theories about the biological causes of aging, the following are among the most commonly accepted
what is the wear-and-tear theory (Theories of Aging)
The wear-and-tear theory states that the human body simply wears out. According to this theory, high impact activities such as jogging may predispose people to premature bone and joint injuries in later years, particularly in the lower back, hip, and knee areas. Inherent in this theory is the idea that the more one abuses the body the faster it will wear out.
what is the cellular theory (Theories of Aging)
The cellular theory states that at birth we have a static number of usable cells, which are genetically programmed to divide or reproduce only a limited number of times. Once these cells reach the end of their reproductive cycle, they begin to die and the organs they make up begin to deteriorate. The rate of deterioration is individual, and the impact of the deterioration depends on the body system affected.
what is the autoimmune theory (Theories of Aging)
The autoimmune theory attributes aging to the decline of the body’s immune system. As we age, our immune systems become less effective in fighting disease. Health behaviours such as too much stress, lack of sleep, poor diet, and inactivity contribute negatively to fighting against disease. In some instances, the immune system appears to turn its protective mechanisms inward, actually attacking a person’s own body. Although autoimmune diseases occur in all age groups, some gerontologists believe that they increase in frequency and severity with age.
what is the genetic mutation theory (Theories of Aging)
The genetic mutation theory proposes that the number of cells exhibiting unusual or different characteristics increases with age. Proponents of this theory believe that aging is related to the amount of mutational damage within the genes. The greater the mutation, the greater the chance that cells will not function properly, leading to eventual dysfunction of body organs and systems.
explain the effects of aging on the cardiovascular system
Cardiovascular System:
Aging can lead to reduced elasticity of blood vessels, increased arterial stiffness, and higher blood pressure. Risk of cardiovascular diseases like heart disease and stroke rises due to these changes and accumulation of plaque in arteries.
explain the effects of aging on the skeletal system
Skeletal Muscle System:
Muscle mass and strength decline with age, a condition called sarcopenia. This leads to decreased mobility, increased frailty, and compromised functional independence.
explain the effects of aging on the skeletal muscle system
Skeletal Muscle System:
Muscle mass and strength decline with age, a condition called sarcopenia. This leads to decreased mobility, increased frailty, and compromised functional independence.
describe the physical and mental effects of aging.
Physical Effects of Aging:
- Reduced muscle mass, decreased bone density, decreased mobility, diminished sensory perception (vision, hearing), increased vulnerability to chronic diseases.
Mental Effects of Aging:
- Slower cognitive processing, mild memory decline, potential for cognitive disorders like dementia, changes in mood and emotional regulation.
Healthy lifestyle choices, mental engagement, and social connections can support well-being and mitigate some of these effects.
define andropause
Andropause:
Andropause refers to a gradual decline in testosterone levels in aging men, often leading to symptoms like fatigue, reduced libido, and mood changes.
define perimenopause
Perimenopause:
Perimenopause is the transitional phase before menopause, characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, hormonal fluctuations, and potential symptoms such as hot flashes and mood swings.
define menopause
Menopause:
Menopause marks the end of menstruation and fertility in women, typically occurring around age 50. It is confirmed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. Hormonal changes lead to various symptoms, including hot flashes, night sweats, and mood changes.
describe the effects of a growing older adult population on Canadian society.
Effects of Growing Older Adult Population in Canada:
- Increased demand for healthcare services, strain on pension and social security systems, shifts in workforce dynamics, higher need for senior care facilities, potential economic challenges, and changing societal priorities to accommodate aging needs.
outline challenges associated with increasing age.
- Healthcare: Rising healthcare needs and chronic disease prevalence.
- Financial: Reduced income, retirement planning, pension sustainability.
- Social Isolation: Decreased social interactions and potential loneliness.
- Cognitive Changes: Memory decline, cognitive disorders risk.
- Physical Limitations: Reduced mobility, frailty, increased falls.
- Elder Abuse: Vulnerability to abuse, neglect, and exploitation.
- Housing: Suitable accommodations and accessibility concerns.
- End-of-Life Planning: Addressing end-of-life wishes and care preferences.
