Unit 12: Blood Flashcards
(34 cards)
Hematocrit is mostly:
Red blood cells
A high hematocrit means that the blood is more viscous.
True
The most abundant plasma protein is:
Albumin
The following blood components can be made in the bone marrow EXCEPT:
Globulins
Platelets
Erythrocytes
Leucocytes
Globulins
The following blood component has a primary role in immunity:
Gamma globulins
Erythropoietin is a glycoprotein hormone that prompts the production of red blood cells.
True
An elevated erythrocyte count is referred to as:
Polycythemia
What is another word or phrase that refers to the entire class of blood components known as leukocytes?
White blood cell
Hemoglobin that is not bound to a gas is called:
Deoxyhemoglobin
Granular leukocytes with the lowest concentration in the total leukocyte count. They release histamines that contribute to inflammation.
Basophils
Monocytes that have left the circulation to phagocytose dead cells, pathogens, and other “wastes”.
Macrophages
Lymphocytes that recognize cells with foreign membrane markers.
Natural Killer Cells
Aging and damaged erythrocytes are removed from the circulation by ________?
Macrophages
T and B lymphocytes ___________.
Are involved with specific immune function.
Thrombocytes are more accurately called:
Platelets
What is a statement that BEST describes a neutrophil?
Abundant, granular, especially effective against bacteria
Each multipotent hematopoietic stem cell divides into the following:
A hematopoietic stem cell AND a lymphoid or myeloid stem cell
Over two million red blood cells are made every second in the bone marrow.
True
During the degradation of erythrocytes, the non-iron portion of heme is :
Degraded into biliverdin
Plasma
- Liquid portion of blood, about 55% of total blood volume.
- Made up of 90% water, but also dissolved substances such as proteins, hormones, nutrients, gases, and waste products.
Key Functions:
- Transportation of nutrients, hormones, waste products, gases.
- Clotting factors such as fibrinogen.
- Immune responses.
- Regulation of pH and electrolytes.
Red Blood Cells
- Most abundant cells in blood.
Key Functions:
- Oxygen transport from the lungs and tissues.
- Transporting CO2 back to the lungs.
- Maintaining blood pH.
White Blood Cells (Buffy Coat, Platelets)
- Makes up the smallest portion of blood volume.
Key Functions:
- Responsible for immune response and regulation, as well as inflammatory response.
- Platelets help with clotting factors.
Hematopoiesis
1) Chemical stimuli prompt the hemopoietic stem cell to divide and differentiate in the bone marrow.
2) Lymphoid stem cells become leukocytes known as lymphocytes.
- These cells can become various T cells, B cells, or Natural Killer cells.
- These cells then leave to the lymphatic tissues (such as lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus) to continue their production and differentiation.
—> T cells = thymus, B cells = bones.
3) Myeloid stem cells become all other formed elements.
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells).
- Megakaryocytes produce platelets.
- Myeloblast lineage gives rise to monocytes and three forms of granular leukocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
Coagulation
Results in the production of a gelatinous but robust clot made up of a mesh of fibrin—an insoluble filamentous protein derived from fibrinogen, the plasma protein introduced earlier—in which platelets and blood cells are trapped.
