Unit 3: Lipids Flashcards
A triglyceride is made up of a(n) _________ with three __________ attached.
Glycerol, fatty acids
A polyunsaturated fatty acid has:
Two or more carbon-carbon double bonds
After triglycerides are enzymatically digested, what is absorbed into the cells lining the small intestine?
Monoglycerides and fatty acids
Compared to other lipoproteins, HDLs have the most:
Proteins
LDL, VLDL, IDL, and HDL all carry different types of cholesterol.
False
The largest and most compact form of human energy storage is:
Adipose tissue
Which of the following statement is FALSE?
1) Human milk contains lipase enzymes to help an infant digest dietary fat
2) Human milk is high in fat, which babies need for growth and brain development
3) Infants have low levels of bile and pancreatic lipase secretion
4) Infants are born with insufficient lingual and gastric lipases
4) Infants are born with insufficient lingual and gastric lipases
Cholesterol can move on its own once its absorbed into the blood stream.
False
Which of the following statements is TRUE about glycerol?
1) It is found in cholesterol and phospholipids
2) It is found in monoglycerides
3) Its base structure is 4 hydrocarbon rings
4) A triglyceride contains three glycerol molecules
2) It is found in monoglycerides
An apolipoprotein is (hint: look up the prefix “apo”):
A protein that binds to fat
Canadian guidelines for the screening of dyslipidemia, include testing cholesterol levels for people who are:
1) Have a family/personal history of heart disease, diabetes, stroke, or high blood pressure.
2) Smokers, currently or in the last year.
3) Experiencing erectile dysfunction.
4) Males over age 40.
Because our bodies make cholesterol, dietary intake only contributes in a small way (about 20%) to our overall blood cholesterol levels. Other ways to reduce blood cholesterol levels is to:
Stop smoking
Which of the following results is falls out of the target (goal) range on a lipid panel?
1) HDL at 2.0mmol/L
2) LDL at 2.0mmol/L
3) Triglycerides at 2.0mmol/L
4) Non-HDL cholesterol at 4.0mmol/L
3) Triglycerides at 2.0mmol/L
Chylomicrons are a type of lipoprotein.
True
In which of the following area are lipids emulsified and enzymatically digested?
Small intestine
In a phosphate group [(PO4)3-], there is one phosphorous and three oxygens. In a phospholipid, which of the following is TRUE about its phosphate bonds?
1) One of the oxygens will have 2 remaining electrons that are able to bond elsewhere
2) All oxygens will attract electropositive molecules equally
3) The phosphorous will bond ionically to four oxygens
4) The phosphorous has five covalent bonds
4) The phosphorous has five covalent bonds
A molecule with the following structure is a __________?
Methyl end - CH2 -CH =CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-acid group
Omega 3 fatty acid
Glycerol, fatty acids, and disaccharides all contain oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen.
True
A primary function of visceral fat is to:
Protect vital organs
What is TRUE about hypercholesteremia in Canada?
Rates tend to rise with age
Phytochemicals are:
Non-essential plant compounds that have human health benefits
What is the role of fats in the human body?
Fats store energy, are components of cell membranes, offer protection and insulation for the organs, and help to regulate and signal hormones, reproductive health, cholesterol, etc.
What are Triglycerides?
-Main form of lipid in the diet and body
-The “fat” in foods/bodies
-Made up of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol backbone
What are Phospholipids?
-Used in cell membranes, lipid transport, emulsification of food
-Are both fat and water-soluble
-Made up of 2 fatty acids and 1 phosphate group on a glycerol backbone
