Unit 1.2 - Respiration And The Respiratory System In Humans

Question 1

Aerobic respiration

Answer 1

Respiration that requires oxygen

Question 2

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

Respiration that doesn’t require oxygen

Question 3

T/F
All living things respire continuously

Answer 3

True, every living cell requires energy

Question 4

T/F
Breathing and respiration are the same thing

Answer 4

False, breathing provides oxygen for respiration

Question 5

Respiration

Answer 5

Process where all living things obtain energy from food

Question 6

Why is oxygen needed in respiration

Answer 6

To react with food molecules (glucose) to form energy

Question 7

Equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 7

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 8

Equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 8

Glucose -> lactic acid + energy

Question 9

Glucose chemical formula

Answer 9

C6H12O6

Question 10

Lactic acid chemical formula

Answer 10

C3H6O3

Question 11

How many reactions (ATP generated) from 1 glucose - aerobic

Answer 11

38

Question 12

How many reactions (ATP generated) from 1 glucose - anaerobic

Answer 12

2

Question 13

Oxygen debt equation

Answer 13

Lactic acid + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Question 14

Aerobic - end products

Answer 14

Carbon dioxide
Water
Energy

Question 15

Anaerobic - end products

Answer 15

Lactic acid
Energy

Question 16

Aerobic - glucose breakdown

Answer 16

Complete

Question 17

Anaerobic - glucose breakdown

Answer 17

Incomplete

Question 18

Aerobic - energy released

Answer 18

Relatively large amounts of energy released. More ATP produced per molecule of glucose - more efficient.

Question 19

Anaerobic - energy released

Answer 19

Relatively small amounts of energy released. Less ATP produced per molecule of glucose - less efficient

Question 20

Inspiration (5)

Answer 20

Pressure decreases
Diaphragm contracts/flattens
Intercostal muscles contract/ribs up & out
Volume of chest increases
Air rushes into lungs

Question 21

Expiration (5)

Answer 21

Pressure increases
Diaphragm relaxes/domes upwards
Intercostal muscles relax/ribs down & in
Volume of chest decreases
Air rushes out of lungs

Question 22

Pressure increases…

Answer 22

…volume decreases

Question 23

Pressure decreases…

Answer 23

…volume increases

Question 24

Alveoli adaptations (4)

Answer 24

Large surface area
Good blood supply
Thin walls
Moist lining

Question 25

Explain alveoli adaptations - Large surface area

Answer 25

Increases gaseous exchange

Question 26

%oxygen inhaled air

Answer 26

21

Question 27

%oxygen exhaled air

Answer 27

16

Question 28

%carbon dioxide inhaled air

Answer 28

0.04

Question 29

%carbon dioxide exhaled air

Answer 29

4

Question 30

%nitrogen inhaled air

Answer 30

79

Question 31

%nitrogen exhaled air

Answer 31

79

Question 32

Affects of smoking - cillia

Answer 32

Cilia in trachea and bronchi are paralysed for an hour after a cigarette

Question 33

Death statistics from smoking - UK

Answer 33

80% of deaths from Lund cancer, bronchitis and emphysema Almost 20% of deaths from heart disease

Question 34

Tar

Answer 34

Coats surface of breathing tubes and alveoli, causes coughing & damages alveoli - harder for gas exchange to occur

Question 35

Nicotine

Answer 35

Addictive Increases heart rate & blood pressure, blood vessels narrower

Question 36

Carbon monoxide

Answer 36

Takes place of oxygen in red blood cells in respiration. Less oxygen carried by the blood resulting in more work from circulatory system.

Question 37

Tar - diseases

Answer 37

Carcinogen - causes cancer of lungs, mouth, throat.

Question 38

Affects of smoking - mucus

Answer 38

Chemicals from smoke irritate lungs and clog up the mucus resulting in it building up. If mucus becomes infected it can cause bronchitis

Question 39

Affects of smoking - cough

Answer 39

Coughing causes damage to alveolar walls - reduces their surface for gas exchange and results in shortness of oxygen & emphysema.

Question 40

Nicotine - diseases

Answer 40

Heart disease

Question 41

Carbon monoxide - diseases

Answer 41

Heart disease

Question 42

Mucus - function

Answer 42

Traps dust or bacteria from inhaled air

Question 43

Cilia

Answer 43

Move mucus out of lungs to back of throat

Question 44

How does the body get rid of used mucus

Answer 44

Swallowed and destroyed in stomach acid

Question 45

Emphysema

Answer 45

The condition where the walls of alveoli break down

Question 46

Bronchitis

Answer 46

A condition where the bronchi & bronchioles become inflamed

Question 47

What is Oxygen debt

Answer 47

Lactic acid needs to be broken down by oxygen. When oxygen isn’t present in an anaerobic respiration, lactic acid builds up creating an oxygen debt.

Question 48

Advantage of anaerobic respiration

Answer 48

Releases energy for a short period of time

Question 49

Disadvantage of anaerobic respiration

Answer 49

Produces lactic acid - toxic to body Not suitable for long time activities

Question 50

__% of lung cancer are caused by smoking

Answer 50

90

Question 51

Explain alveoli adaptations - good blood supply

Answer 51

Increases gaseous exchange

Question 52

Explain alveoli adaptations - thin walls

Answer 52

gasses can pass through by diffusion much easier

Question 53

Explain alveoli adaptations - moist lining

Answer 53

to dissolve oxygen so that it can diffuse through the alveolus wall