Unit 14: Women's Health

Question 1

Viability of sperm in female reproductive tract

Answer 1

2-7 days

Question 2

Lifespan of egg

Answer 2

1-3 days

Question 3

Maximum fertility

Answer 3

5 days before ovulation to day of ovulation

Question 4

Combination oral contraceptive pills

Answer 4

Prevent ovulation
Decrease risk of endometriosis, ovulatory pain, ovarian cysts, benign breast disease, pms, premenstrual dysphoric disorders, ovarian and endometrial CA

Question 5

Form of estrogen in OC pills

Answer 5

Ethinyl estradiol

Question 6

Forms of progesterone in OC pills

Answer 6

Desogestrel, ethynodiol diacetate, levonorgestrel, norethindrone, norgestimate, norgestrel

Question 7

Antibiotic that may decrease OC pill effectiveness

Answer 7

Rifampin

Question 8

Transfermal patch of combined contraceptive

Answer 8

75mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 6mg of norelgestronin
Replace patch every week
Do not wear patch on 4th week

Question 9

Nuvaring

Answer 9

15mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 120mcg of etenogestrel

Question 10

Progestin only oral contraceptive

Answer 10

Does not suppress LH + FSH
Primary effect is through changing endometrial and cervical mucus environments
No placebo week

Question 11

IM Depo

Answer 11

Suppresses ovulation and affects cervical mucus

Given every 13 weeks

Question 12

Implant

Answer 12

Nexplanon
Contains etonogestrel
Blocks LH surge and prevents ovulation and thickens cervical mucus and thins endometrial lining

Question 13

Risk factor for early menopause

Answer 13

history of irregular menses, African American, smoking, weight loss diets

Question 14

Estrogen replacement therapy can cause

Answer 14

endometrial hyperplasia which can increase risk of endometrial CA

Question 15

Ospemifene

Answer 15

Estrogen agonist/antagonist
Indicated mostly for treating of genitourinary symptoms
Acts as an agonist at receptors in vaginal tissue
Acts as an antagonist at breast and endometrial tissue

Question 16

Paroxetine for menopause

Answer 16

SSRI

Preoptic area of anterior hypothalamus, responsible for temperature regulation, is under influence of 5HT and NE

Question 17

Menopause and osteoporosis

Answer 17

Decrease in estrogen levels causes an up regulation of RANKL

Question 18

Biphosphanates

Answer 18

Alendronate, Risedronate, Ibandronate, Zoledronic acid

Inhibit bone resorption and increase bone density

Question 19

Calcitonin

Answer 19

Inhibits action of osteoclasts
Available as injection and nasal spray
Decreases risk of vertebral compression fractures

Question 20

Raloxifene

Answer 20

Selective estrogen receptor modulator
Decreases risk of vertebral fractures
mimic effect of estrogen at bones but not breasts or uterus

Question 21

Teriparatide

Answer 21

Recombinant PTH

Question 22

Denosumab

Answer 22

RANK ligand inhibitor

Question 23

First line therapy for osteoporosis

Answer 23

Raloxifene or biphosphanates for prevention
Biphosphanates for tx
Ca + Vit D supplementation

Question 24

Second line therapy for osteoporosis

Answer 24

Calcitonin, teriparatide or denosumab

Question 25

Most common causes of vaginitis

Answer 25

Vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginolas

Question 26

Organisms causing bacterial vaginosis

Answer 26

Gardnerella vaginalis, prevotella, mobiluncus, mycoplasma hominis

Question 27

Topical azole antifungals for vulvovaginal candidiasis

Answer 27

Clotrimazole, butoconazole, tioconazole, miconazole, terconazole

Question 28

Oral azole antifungal agent

Answer 28

Fluconazole

Question 29

first line Antibiotic for BV

Answer 29

Metronidazole: flagyl