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Pharmacology > Final studying > Flashcards

Final studying Flashcards

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1
Q

Atarax or Visatril

A

Hydroxyzines for anxiety
H1 blockers
SE: dry mouth, drowsiness

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2
Q

Suvorexant

A

Blocks orexin neuropeptides causing sleep induction and maintenance

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3
Q

Pramipexole, Rotigotine, Ropinirole

A

Dopaminergic agonist

Tx of restless leg syndrome

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4
Q

Phenlizine

A

MAOI

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5
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Similar to TCA; Increases sedation, increases appetite, and decreases insomnia

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6
Q

NPH (Humulin N)

A

Intermediate acting insulin
Onset: 1-4 hours
Duration: 14-26 hours

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7
Q

Pramlintide

A

Amylin analog–co-secreted with insulin in response to food; delays gastric emptying
Good for large fluctuations in blood glucose
Symylin Pen

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8
Q

TZD

A

-Glitazone

Decreased insulin resistance, binds to PPR gamma steroid hormone

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9
Q

Lispro (Humalog)

A

Rapid acting insulin
Onset <30 mins
Duration 3-5 hours

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10
Q

Glargine (Lantus) and Detemir

A

Long acting insulin
Onset 2-4 hours
Duration 24 hours

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11
Q

Regular (Humulin R)

A

Short acting insulin
Onset 30 mins
Duration 6-8 hours

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12
Q

Tramadol

A

Weak opioid receptor agonist

Less respiratory depression but may increase risk of seizures

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13
Q

Ketamine

A

Low dose for analgesia
High dose for anesthesia
SE: vivid dreams, sedation, delirium

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14
Q

Hydroxyzine, Meclizine, Dimenhydrinate, Scopolamine

A

H1 blockers in CTZ
Used for N/V and motion sickness
SE: anticholinergic, drowsiness, sedation, confusion

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15
Q

Hydromorphone

A

Dilaudid

More potent than morphine, safer in renal failure

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16
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

Used for N/V
Increases GI peristalsis and GI emptying
Good for diabetic gastric stasis, post-surgical gastric stasis, GERD
SE: increased EPS, diarrhea

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17
Q

Senna

A

Effects drug transit time due to increasing peristalsis–can decrease absorption of prescriptive medicines

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18
Q

Zinc

A

Decreases antibiotic levels

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19
Q

Vitamin E

A

Liver toxicity

Increases anticoagulant effect of warfarin

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20
Q

Ephedra

A

Stimulant

Add to caffeine=death

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21
Q

Prochlorperazine, Promethazine

A

Phenothiazines
Used for N/V
Dopaminergic receptor blocker in CTZ
SE: Anticholinergic, drowsy, sedation, EPS, CNS depression

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22
Q

Meperidine

A

Demerol

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23
Q

Lactulose, glycerine, PEG (miralax), sorbitol

A

Hyperosmotic laxatives

SE: abdominal cramping and nausea

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24
Q

Ondansetron, granisetron, palonesteron, dolasetron

A

Seretonin antagonist
For N/V
Used for chemo induced N/V or hyperemesis gravidarum

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25
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) + Senna
Stimulant laxative Increases peristalsis Avoid long term
26
Baclofen
Antispasmodic medication
27
Kaolinide
Absorbs water and toxins in colon | Used for diarrhea
28
Methylcellulose, psyllium (metamucil)
Bulk-forming lacatives Binds to feces and pulls water to bulk it up Take with lots of water
29
Cimetidine, famatodine, nizatidine, ranitidine
H2 receptor blockers Used for GERD or ulcer healing Decreases acid secretion and pepsin activation
30
Dicylomine (Bentyl) and Hyosycamine
Antispasmodics used for IBS
31
Sulfalazine, mesalamine, olsalazine balsalazide
Aminosalicylates Gold standard for UC/CD Decreases inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandins
32
Naloxegel
Opioid antagonist to treat opioid induced constipation
33
Meclizine (Antivert)
H1 blocker for treatment of motion sickness
34
Cymbalta (Duloxetine)
SNRI | Good for depression + neuropathic pain
35
Maalox
Antacid | Can be used as first line for GERD
36
Bismuth subsalicylate
Pepto Bismol Stimulates prostaglandin, mucus and bicarb secretion in stomach Inhibits prostaglandin and chloride secretion in large intestine SE: dark tongue, black stools, tinnitus
37
Meridia (Sibutramine)
Appetite suppressant Weight loss drug Increases BP
38
Rifaximin
Synthetic antibiotic similar to rifampin | Effective against non-invasive E Coli; used for travelers diarrhea
39
Intranasal steroids for allergic rhinitis
Beclomethasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, fluticasone
40
Ducosate Sodium
Surfactant laxative
41
Olopatadine, azelastine
Intranasal antihistamines
42
Verenicline (Chantix)
Binds to subunit of nicotinic ACh receptor Alleviates nicotine withdrawal symptoms SE: Suicidal ideation
43
Bupropion
Anti-depressant that can be used for smoking cessation | SE: dry mouth, insomnia
44
Liraglutide
GLP-1 analog Used for DM and weight loss Feelings of satiety
45
Zolpidem and Zalepion
Benzodiazepine agonists Used for insomnia May cause sleep walking, talking or driving
46
Mirtazapine
Alpha 2 anatagonist/mixed serotonin blockers Causes sedation May increase appetite
47
Antibiotics of choice for inflammatory bowel disease
Metronidazole or Cipro
48
Pentoprazole (Protonix)
PPI | Irreversibly inhibits gastric proton pumps
49
Misoprostol (Cytotec)
Prostaglandin analog for NSAID induced ulcer | Category X
50
A1C goal
6. 5 for diabetic or fasting BG of 126 | 7. 5 for elderly--do not adjust meds because of risk of effects outweighing benefits
51
SymlinPen
For major fluctuations and swings in blood sugar: slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon, regulates appetite Take before a big meal SE: hypoglycemia, GI symptoms, HA, anorexia CI: pediatrics, HbA1C>9, noncompliance with treatment Wait 1 hour before or 2 hours after other medications
52
Antidepressant for adolescents
Fluoxetine (Prozac) | Age 12 and over
53
Indications for PPI
GERD, PUD, gastritis, prophylaxis in hospital Take in AM and 2 hours apart from other drugs Check drug levels--will inhibit other drugs
54
Live vaccines
MMR, shingles, varicella | Do not give to pregnant women
55
1st line for heartburn
Antacids
56
Instructions for synthroid
Take in AM on empty stomach, dont eat anything for a few hours Can take up to 6 weeks for max effect Stay with same brand even if insurance changes--write "no substitutions" on script
57
Vitamin A overdose
liver toxicity
58
Vitamin E is good for
malabsorption
59
Codeine used for
Pain and cough | Metabolized to morphine in liver
60
Best antidepressant for elderly
SSRIs--Celexa | TCA's can affect CV status
61
What to give post-op for constipation
Colace--stool softener | Dulcolax--stimulant laxative

Pharmacology (56 decks)

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