Unit 16: Translation

Question 1

The ______ sequence
dictates the resulting ____ _____ sequence.

Answer 1

The mRNA sequence
dictates the resulting amino acid sequence

Question 2

Boundaries of translation are defined by a _____ codon that corresponds to the ________ of the protein and a ____ codon that corresponds to the ________

Answer 2

Boundaries of translation are defined by a start codon that corresponds to the N- terminus of the protein and a stop codon that corresponds to the C-terminus

Question 3

The __ _________region (__ ___) and __ ___ are segments of the _____ outside of the ____________.

Answer 3

The 5’ untranslated region (5’ UTR) and 3’ UTR are segments of the mRNA outside of the translated regions.

Question 4

What are the three phases of mRNA translation?

Answer 4

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

Question 5

What is initiation of mRNA translation?

Answer 5

Initiation of mRNA translation is the process where the ribosome assembles on the mRNA, finds the start codon (AUG), and begins building a protein.

Question 6

What is elongation of mRNA translation?

Answer 6

The ribosome reads the mRNA codon by codon and adds amino acids to the growing protein chain.

Question 7

What is termination of mRNA translation?

Answer 7

1. Ribosomes reaches stop codon.
2. Components disassemble

Question 8

What are isoaccepting tRNAs?

Answer 8

Isoaccepting tRNAs are tRNAs that carry the same amino acid but recognize different codons for that amino acid.

Question 9

Ribosomes are composed of _ _______
with _ ____ _____.

Answer 9

Ribosomes are composed of 2 subunits
with 3 active sites

Question 10

What are the three active sites of a ribosome?

Answer 10

1. The peptidyl site (P site)
2. The aminoacyl site (A site)
3. The exit site (E site)

Question 11

What is the peptidyl site?

Answer 11

The peptidyl site (P site) holds the tRNA to which the polypeptide is attached.

Question 12

What is the aminoacyl site?

Answer 12

The aminoacyl site (A site) binds a new
tRNA molecule containing an amino acid to be added to the growing polypeptide chain

Question 13

What is the exit site?

Answer 13

The exit site (E site) provides an avenue for exit of the tRNA after its amino acid has been added to the chain.

Question 14

What is translocation?

Answer 14

Translocation occurs when the ribosome slides one codon toward the 3’ end of the mRNA.