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Physics A/S Wjec Unit 1 > Unit 1.7: Particles and Nuclear Structure > Flashcards

Unit 1.7: Particles and Nuclear Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Matter is composed of atoms, but within atoms there are sub atomic particles. What are these sub atomic particles called?

A

Leptons and Quarks

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2
Q

, ;What are quarks?

A

Relatively high mass particles, are either ‘up’ or ‘down’. These particles are affected by the strong force

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3
Q

What are leptons?

A

Leptons are lightweight particles and have two types. These are affected by the weak force

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4
Q

What are the two types of leptons?

A

Electron and electron neutrino

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5
Q

For each particle, there exists an ‘antiparticle’. What is meant by the term antiparticle?

A

Antiparticles have the same mass but opposite charge to their counterpart.

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6
Q

Do quarks exist in groups or in isolation?

A

In groups

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7
Q

When quarks are in a group of 3, what is the group called?

A

Baryons

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8
Q

How many possible ways to combine up and down quarks can form a baryon?

A

4

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9
Q

State the possible combinations to form a baryon?

A

uud, udd, uuu, ddd

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10
Q

What is the baryon uud known as?

A

Proton,p

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11
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

+1

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12
Q

What is the baryon udd known as?

A

neutron,n

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13
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

0

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14
Q

What is the baryon uuu known as?

A

delta plus plus,Δ++

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15
Q

What is the charge of a delta plus plus?

A

+2

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16
Q

What is the baryon ddd known as?

A

delta minus,Δ-

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17
Q

What is the charge of a delta minus?

A

-1

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18
Q

There is an excited version of the uud and udd baryons, what are they also classed as?

A

Delta particles

19
Q

What is the delta particle of an excited proton?

A

Δ+

20
Q

What is the delta particle of an excited neutron?

A

Δ0

21
Q

How are antiparticles represented?

A

A small bar above the symbol

22
Q

Quarks can also form in pairs, what are these pairs called?

A

Mesons

23
Q

How many types of mesons are there?

A

4

24
Q

Mesons must either be a quark or an ___?

A

Anti-quark

25
Q

For 1st generation particles, what are these mesons known as?

A

Pions or pi messons

26
Q

List the 4 combinations of a meson

A

udˉ,uˉd, uuˉ,ddˉ

27
Q

What is the name given to the meson uˉd and state its charge

A

Name:pi minus,
Symbol: π −
Charge: -1

27
Q

What is the name given to the meson udˉ and state its charge ?

A

Name: pi plus
Symbol: π +
Charge: =1

28
Q

What is the name given to the mesons, uuˉ and ddˉ and state their charge

A

Name: Pi zero
Symbol: π 0
Charge: 0

29
Q

State the conservation of momentum in terms of particles.

A

In any interaction between particles in a system, the total momentum must stay constant

30
Q

State the conservation of energy in terms of particles

A

In any interaction between particles in a system, mass/energy must neither be created or destroyed

31
Q

State the conservation of charge

A

In any interaction between particles in a system, the total charge in the system must not change.

32
Q

State the conservation of baryon number.

A

In any interaction between particles in a system, the total baryon number in the system must not change.

33
Q

State the conservation of lepton number

A

In any interaction between particles in a system, the total lepton number in the system must not change

34
Q

There are 4 fundamental forces involved in interactions between particles. State them

A

Gravitational, strong force, weak force and the electromagnetic force

35
Q

Gravitational forces are experienced by___

A

All matter

36
Q

Weak forces are experienced by____

A

All leptons and all quarks

37
Q

What is the range for gravitational forces?

A

Infinite

38
Q

What is the range for weak forces?

A

very short

39
Q

What is the range for electromagnetic forces?

A

infinite

40
Q

What is the range for strong forces?

A

short

41
Q

EM forces are experienced by ___

A

All charged particles

42
Q

All strong forces are experienced by__

A

All quarks.

Physics A/S Wjec Unit 1 (8 decks)

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