Unit 1a - Inorganic Chemistry

Question 1

How can electromagnetic radiation be described

Answer 1

wavelength and frequency

Question 2

Electromagnetic radiation is said to have …..

Answer 2

dual nature

Question 3

what is a photon

Answer 3

quantised energy proportional to the frequency of radiation

Question 4

photons in high frequency have …. energy compared to low frequency

Answer 4

greater

Question 5

What happens when a photon of light is emitted

Answer 5

after excited electrons are promoted to a higher energy level they fall back to lower energy levels emitting a photon of light

Question 6

describe the appearance of emission and absorption spectrum

Answer 6

emission - black background with coloured lines

absorption - coloured background with black lines

Question 7

what does absorption spectrum measure

Answer 7

the intensity of absorbed light at different wavelengths

Question 8

what does the emission spectrum measure

Answer 8

the intensity of emitted light at different wavelengths

Question 9

what is the principle quantum number (n)

Answer 9

indicates the main energy level for an electrons and is related to the size of the orbital

Question 10

what is the angular momentum quantum number (l)

Answer 10

determines the shape of the subshell

Question 11

what is the magnetic quantum number (m1)

Answer 11

determines the orientation of the orbital

Question 12

what is the spin magnetic quantum number (ms)

Answer 12

determines the direction of spin

Question 13

what is the aufbau principle

Answer 13

electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy

Question 14

what is hund’s rule

Answer 14

when degenerate orbitals are available electrons fill signally before together

Question 15

What does degenerate mean

Answer 15

of equal energies

Question 16

what is pauli’s principle

Answer 16

no orbital hold more than two electrons and they must spin in opposite directions

Question 17

what are the 4 blocks of the periodic table

Answer 17

s, p, d, f

Question 18

what does half-filled and full subshells suggest? and why?

Answer 18

higher ionisation energy because they have more stable electron configurations

Question 19

why do negatively charged electrons repel each other

Answer 19

they are arranged to minimise repulsion and maximise separation

Question 20

linear

Answer 20

2 bonding and no non-bonding

bond angle - 180

Question 21

trigonal planar

Answer 21

3 bonding pairs no non-bonding pairs

bond angle - 120

Question 22

tetrahedral

Answer 22

4 bonding pairs no non-bonding pairs

bond angle - 109.5

Question 23

trigonal pyramidal

Answer 23

3 bonding pairs and 1 non-bonding pair

bond angle - 107.5

Question 24

angular

Answer 24

2 bonding pairs and 2 non-bonding pairs

bond angle - 104.5

Question 25

trigonal bipyramidal

Answer 25

5 bonding pairs and no non - bonding pairs | bond angle - 120

Question 26

octahedral

Answer 26

6 bonding pairs and no non-bonding pairs | bond angle - 90 and 180

Question 27

put order of repulsion in decreasing order

Answer 27

non-bonding/non-bonding pair non-bonding/bonding pair bonding/bonding pair

Question 28

what is the definition of a transition metal

Answer 28

have incomplete d-subshell in a least one of their ions

Question 29

Why are chromium and copper exception to aufbau principle

Answer 29

exempt due to special stability associated with d shell being half-filled or completely filled

Question 30

what subshell do transition metals lose from first

Answer 30

4s rather than 3 d

Question 31

all noble gases are characterised by the competition of outermost orbital. This orbital is

Answer 31

s or p orbitals

Question 32

name Na3[Co(f)6]

Answer 32

sodium hexafluoridocolbalt (III)

Question 33

how can oxidation be defined

Answer 33

increase in the oxidation number

Question 34

how can reduction be defined

Answer 34

decrease in oxidation number

Question 35

What is a ligand

Answer 35

A ligand is a molecule with at least one non-bonding pair of electrons available for bonding with a metal ion

Question 36

ligand can be classed as

Answer 36

monodentate, bidentate up to hexadentate

Question 37

what is the coordination number

Answer 37

the total number of bonds form the ligand to the central atom

Question 38

what is a weak filed ligand

Answer 38

ligand which causes a small difference in energy between subsets of d orbital

Question 39

what is a strong filed ligand

Answer 39

causes a large difference in energy between subsets of d orbitals

Question 40

what colour is observed if magenta is being emitted

Answer 40

green light

Question 41

what are heterogenous and homogeneous catalysts

Answer 41

homo - same state as reactant | hetro - different state form reactant