Unit 1A Revision

Question 1

What is a subjective performance measure?

Answer 1

Measures that give opinions, feelings and impressions of the observer. It will require some interpretation (for example: reviewing a risk assessment and judging whether or not it is satisfactory.

Question 2

What is an active performance measure?

Answer 2

Measures against a set performance standard by focusing on the positives and strengths of the system through measuring performance before an incident occurs.

Question 3

What is a qualitative performance measure?

Answer 3

Measures using observations and descriptive data, without using numerical data. Often uses opinion based, comparisons. Because the information is not quantified, the results become less precise.

Question 4

What is a quantitative performance measure?

Answer 4

Measures using numerical and statistical data. For example, taking precise readings when sampling for dust in a work environment.

Question 5

What is a reactive performance measure?

Answer 5

Measures failures, such as incidents, accidents, near misses, ill-health and non-compliance with performance standards, focusing on weaknesses and omissions. It has no predictive use but can be utilized as preventive in identifying changes that need to be made

Question 6

What is an objective performance measure?

Answer 6

Measures performance independent of the observer and do not require interpretation. These performance measurements often involve some sort of measurement (for example: an employee is either wearing safety gloves or they are not)

Question 7

What is an audit

Answer 7

High level assessment of health and safety policy, procedure and systems.

Question 8

What is a safety survey

Answer 8

General inspection of particular dangerous activities, processes or areas.

Question 9

What is a tour

Answer 9

General inspections of the workplace.

Question 10

What is safety sampling

Answer 10

Systematic appraisal of particular dangerous activities, processes or areas.

Question 11

What are the benefits of an external audit

Answer 11

1. An unbiased approach.

2. Knowledge of industry best practice is higher.

Question 12

What are the objectives of a performance review

Answer 12

1. To make judgments about the adequacy of health and safety performance.
2. To obtain assurances that the system for managing health and safety is working.
3. To ensure the law is complied with.
4. To set standards of performance., To respond to change.

Question 13

What are the outputs of a health and safety performance review

Answer 13

The outputs of a health and safety performance review are the actions that are required going forwards to improve the performance of health and safety in an organisation such as new performance targets, stakeholder reports, and action plans to implement improvements.

1. Additional risks that may require assessment, etc., Action plans
2. Amendment or creation of new performance targets.

Question 14

Something with the potential to cause harm.

Answer 14

Hazard

Question 15

Rate at which harm occurs over a given period of time

Answer 15

Incidence/frequency,

Question 16

Proportion of cases where harm has occurred at a given time.

Answer 16

Prevalence,

Question 17

How much harm can, or has been, caused by a particular source

Answer 17

Severity

Question 18

Name external sources of information considered in a risk assessment process

Answer 18

1. Enforcement agencies
2. Approved Code of Practice (ACoP)
3. Insurance company.

Question 19

Is the following statement true of false: One of the easiest ways to identify hazards is to walk around the workplace and look at the activities.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

At which stages can a Hazard Operability Study (HAZOP) be used

Answer 20

At the design stage.

When the process is already in operation.

Question 21

Is the following statement true or false?

All risks assessments are done following the same process.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Which common groups would be classed as vulnerable in the risk assessment process

Answer 22

Migrant workers., Young people (i.e. under 18)., Pregnant or nursing mothers., People with a mental disability., People with reduced mobility., New workers., People with sensory impairment.

Question 23

What is a fault tree analysis

Answer 23

A top-down approach where an undesired outcome is identified and the specific events leading to it are determined. The purpose is to improve the reliability and safety of the system. It does this through identifying the potential causes of failures and by allowing the probabilities of such failures to be calculated. The analysis uses logic gates and is worked backwards from the top event.

Question 24

A knowledge based choice not to be involved in an activity/task so as not to be exposed to the risks. The best solution with respect to managing risk. It involves the elimination of hazards, activities and exposures that can negatively affect an organisation’s assets.

Answer 24

Risk Avoidance

Question 25

This strategy involves implementing controls, usually through engineering, procedural and behavioral measures. The aim is to reduce the risk to an acceptable level through the use of health and safety management systems and the hierarchy of controls.

Answer 25

Risk Reduction

Question 26

The use of insurance or contractors to assume responsibility for all or part of a risk.

Answer 26

Risk Transfer

Question 27

What is a work agreement

Answer 27

Senior managerial agreement for a specified piece of work on a specific area or system that is high risk with potentially stored or live energy sources e.g. working on a live electrical system.

Question 28

What is transformational leadership

Answer 28

More emphasis on its influencing worker behavior. This style of leadership focuses on motivating, inspiring, and encouraging workers to improve their performance, inspiring workers with the leader’s vision of the future, role-modelling, encouraging team work and goals, demonstrating high performance expectations, providing encouragement and support, increasing workers’ awareness, and stimulating workers to think again about how work can be performed.

Question 29

What is servant leadership

Answer 29

This type of leader empowers workers by supporting new ideas, sharing power, putting the needs of others first, and helping people develop and improve performance. It is the opposite of an authoritarian leadership style. Workers participate in the decision making as much as undertaking the tasks.

Question 30

What is transactional leadership

Answer 30

In an exchange between the leader and the follower, both parties fulfill their roles and receive something in return. Importance is placed on detailed and short-term goals following set rules and procedures. This kind of leadership style may work well in smaller organisations or where organisational issues are simple and clearly defined. Such leaders tend to dismiss ideas that do not fit with existing plans and goals.

Question 31

What is situational and contextual leadership

Answer 31

Leadership of workers is adapted to the skills and job maturity of the individual worker, and that there is no single "best" style of leadership. This style of leadership is adaptable and not suited to large organisations where it can be seen as favoritism by some workers when they see that others are treated differently to themselves. Leaders support their followers or workers based on their individual needs and capabilities. By doing this, workers will improve their skills, maturity and independence.

Question 32

What are some benefits of good leadership

Answer 32

1. Reduced sickness absence. Workers are healthier. There are fewer instances of common work-related health problems, such as back injuries, or stress. 2. Fewer accidents. 3. Workers understand the management structure, who they report to and who they are responsible for.

Question 33

List the 5 steps for managing contractors

Answer 33

``` Step 1: → Planning Step 2: → Selection of a contractor Step 3: → Controlling contractors working on site Step 4: → Monitoring Step 5: → Reviewing the work ```

Question 34

What is psychology

Answer 34

The science of the mind and behavior.

Question 35

What is sociology

Answer 35

The systematic study of human society, culture, and relationships on a group level.

Question 36

How do you calculate incident/accident severity rate?

Answer 36

(Total number of days lost / Total number of man hours worked in the period) x 1,000.

Question 37

How do you calculate ill health prevalence rate?

Answer 37

Number of people with work related illness over 12 months / Average number of people employed) x 1,000.

Question 38

How do you calculate incident/accident incidence rate?

Answer 38

(Total number of accidents / Average number of persons employed) x 100,000.

Question 39

How do you calculate incident/accident frequency rate?

Answer 39

(Total number of accidents / Total number of man hours worked) x 1,000,000.

Question 40

Define a root cause?

Answer 40

An initiating event or failing from which all other causes or failings spring. Root causes are generally management, planning or organisational failings, e.g. no system to purchase more PPE before existing stock levels run out.

Question 41

What is an accident

Answer 41

an event that results in injury or ill health.