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World Geo > Unit 1a Test > Flashcards

Unit 1a Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What is absolute and relative location?

A

ABSOLUTE - exact place on ear5th where a geographic feature, such as a city, is found

RELATIVE - describes a place in comparison to other places around it

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2
Q

What is a map projection?`

A

The printing of a 3D globe to make a 2D map

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3
Q

What does a GPS do and provide an example of

A

Accurately determines the precise position of something on earth

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4
Q

What is a GIS and provide an example of

A

A computer system that captures, stores, analyzes and displays geographic information.
IN LAYERS

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5
Q

What is latitude and longitude

A

Coordinates on a map
LONGITUDE - lines on a map going up and down that measure east to west
LATITUDE - lines on a map going side to side that measure north to south

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6
Q

Maps (types, elements of a map - be able to identify each)

A

Physical map - has PHYSICAL FEATURES and LANDMARKS ex: mountains, canyons

Political map - shows CAPITALS and CITIES as well as BORDERS

Thematic map - portrays the GEOGRAPHIC PATTERN; these maps have THEMES

Cartography - DISTORTED maps. Skinny = less, thick = more

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of HEI

A

ADAPTATION - how do humans adapt to their environment ? Ex: heating, AC, storm shelters

DEPENDENCY - how do humans depend on their environment to improve their lives? Ex: food supply, fresh air, water

MODIFICATION- how do humans modify their environment to fit their needs? Ex: pollution, climate change, desertification

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8
Q

What are Natural resources

A

Nonrenewable - cannot be replaced, once used its gone. Ex: oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy

Renewable - can be used over and over because the Earth replenishes it. Ex: sun, wind, water, biomass

Inexhaustible- will never run out. Ex: wind, sun

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9
Q

Define desertification and what causes it

A

The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of a drought, deforest ion or inappropriate agriculture

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10
Q

What caused the shrinking of the Aral Sea

A

The diversion of inflowing rivers for agriculture irrigation

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11
Q

What is climate change and what causes it?

A

Long tern shifts is temperatures & weather patterns. Burning of fossil fuels can cause this which produces heat-trapping gases

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12
Q

What is population distribution vs. density

A

DISTRIBUTION - WHERE they are located within that spaces
DENSITY - how many people are in a place

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13
Q

DEMOGRAPHICS

What is birth rate

A

Number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

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14
Q

DEMOGRAPHICS

What is mortality rate

A

Total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 population

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15
Q

DEMOGRAPHICS

What is fertility rate

A

average number of children a woman will have throughout her child bearing years

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16
Q

DEMOGRAPHICS

What is life expectancy

A

The expected number of years of life expected from birth

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17
Q

DEMOGRAPHICS

What is literacy rate

A

The average number of people in an area that can read and write

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18
Q

DEMOGRAPHICS

What is infant mortality rate

A

The death of a child less than one year of age for every 1,000 babies born in a society

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19
Q

LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT

Less developed, developing, and developed countries -which demographics are characteristics of each

A

LDC: high infants mortality, high fertility, low literacy, low life expectancy
NIC: median infant mortality, medians fertility, median literacy, median life expectancy
MDS: low infant mortality, low fertility, high literacy, high life expectancy

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20
Q

Population pyramid
What do they tell us and define it

A

Where the population is growing/shrinking, a war, etc…

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21
Q

Identify the stages of a demographic transition model

A

5 stages
Stage 1 & 2: LDC
Stage 3 & 4: NIC
Stage 5 & 6: MDC

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22
Q

Explain then global population distribution

A

-The worlds population is not evenly distributed
-90% of the world lives in the northern hemisphere
-1 in 2 people live in Asia
-nearly ALL future population growth will be in the worlds less developed countries

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23
Q

Physical characteristics that encourage/discourage settlement - be able to explain them

A

1 - mild climate (good weather and good for crops)
2 - near freshwater (water is a necessity
3 - flat (fertile) land (good for farming and building things on

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24
Q

Climate
Why does latitude matter?

Study These Flashcards
A

It is the LARGEST PREDICTOR OF CLIMATE

25
Define urbanization
The dramatic rise in the number of cities and the changes in lifestyle that result in urbanization
26
urban vs rural characteristics
URBAN - towns and cities > centers of business and culture > birthplace of innovation > good transportation RURAL - countryside or outside of town > low population & small settlements > sometimes lack in education, healthcare & opportunities > can lack basic infrastructure
27
Define migration
A permanent move to a new location
28
What’s the difference between Emigrant vs Imigrant
IMMIGRANT - person moving Into a new location EMIGRANT - person moving g AWAY from a location
29
Be able to identify push and pull factors
PUSH - circumstances that causes people to move away PULL - conditions that encourages people to move to that pace
30
Difference between Refugee, asylum seeker, and Internally Displaced Person (IDP)
REFUGEE - been FORCED to migrate to avoid potential threat to his/her life and (s)he can’t return due to fear of persecution ASYLUM SEEKER - someone who has migrated to another country in hope of being recognized as a refugee IDP - similar to a refugee, but s(h) has NOT been migrated across an international border
31
What is the global migration flow
32
Define culture
The total of knowledge, values, attitudes, & norms shared by and passed on by members of a specific group
33
What are the elements of culture
Beliefs The Arts Language Relationships Technology
34
Technology (what is the pecking order)
MDC - high access to high tech equipment NIC - learning to use high tech equipment LDC - have no access to high tech equipment
35
Define cultural hearth
Site of innovation from which basic ideas, materials, and technology diffuse to many cities
36
Define cultural diffusion
The spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior
37
Define innovation
When one takes existing technology and resources and creates something new to meet a need. Innovation and invention may happen on accident or on purpose
38
Define acculturation
Occurs when a society changes because it accepts or adopts an innovation
39
Difference between race and ethnicity
RACE - socially meaningful category of people who share BIOLOGICALLY transmitted traits that are obvious and considered important ETHNIC GROUPS - used to refer to a specific group that shares a language, customs, & a common heritage
40
Define cultural assimilation
When one person or groups culture come to resemble another group
41
What is a dialect
Versions of languages
42
What is the meaning of gender equality
Refers to the same level of resources & opportunities available to ALL GENDERS of location or situation
43
What is the meaning of patriarchal vs matriarchal
PATRIARCHAL - a social system where the males hold primary power MATRIARCHAL - a social system where the females hold primary power
44
What are the 3 types of region and define each of them
ANIMISTIC POLYTHEISTIC - belief in MANY Gods Ex: Hinduism MONOTHEISTIC - belief in ONE God ex: Judaism or Christianity
45
Beliefs - what can they provide people?
Can provide -the belief in supernatural powers that are the creators -answers to basic questions like “what is the meaning of life” -rules & guidelines for its followers to follow -an explanation of what happens when we die
46
What can beliefs influence?
Dress, food, relationships
47
Define sacred city
Places or spaces that people have infused with religious meaning
48
Define holy cities
City that is important to the faith or history of a religion. Can be a location of a sacred site & a city to which followers make a pilgrimage
49
Define pilgrimage
Purposeful travel to a religious site to path respects or participate in a ritual at the site
50
What are cultural landscapes and how do elements of culture influence cultural landscapes
DEFINE - natural landscape that has been modified by humans reflecting their cultural beliefs and values Can be influenced by the arts (architecture)
51
Define enculturation
The process by which an individual learns the traditional content of a culture and starts doing their practices and values
52
Global religious Distribution AND countries with largest # of followers
CHRISTIANITY: 31.11% JUDAISM: 8.81% BUDDHISM: 5% ISLAM: 24.9% HINDUISM: 15.16%
53
Key details and cultural hearth (birthplace) of Hinduism
Indus Valley region (India) Moksha - release of the soul from reincarnation cycle & to become one with Brahma Reincarnation - the belief that the soul is eternal and lives many lifetimes,es, in one body after another Dharma - the CODE for living ones life Karma - the belief that the actions in your current life will determine your fate in future lives
54
Key details and cultural hearth (birthplace) of Buddhism
CULTURAL HEARTH - Southern day Nepal Nirvana - the release of selfishness and pain Rebirth - a persons new existence after death Eight fold path - follow to achieve Nirvana Four noble truths - core beliefs Karma - good actions will produce good consequences before or after death
55
Key details and cultural hearth (birthplace) of Judaism
CULTURAL HEARTH - Canaan There is one God who wants to do what is just and compassionate for His people
56
Key details and cultural hearth (birthplace) of Christianity
CULTURAL HEARTH - Judaea (modern day Israel) -The Trinity God - 3 in one -Jesus lived, died on a cross, was resurrected and then ascended into heaven
57
Key details and cultural hearth (birthplace) of Islam
CULTURAL HEARTH - Mecca (Saudi Arabia) -religion is based on the teachings of MUHAMMAD (Sunna) -5 pillars of Islam (core beliefs)
58
What are the Abrahamic religions all have in common?
-CHRISTIANITY -JUDAISM -ISLAM All three religions relate back to Abraham

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