Unit 1C - Coastal Landscapes in the UK - Landforms caused by erosion Flashcards Preview

Geography - Unit 1C - Physical Landscapes in the UK > Unit 1C - Coastal Landscapes in the UK - Landforms caused by erosion > Flashcards

Flashcards in Unit 1C - Coastal Landscapes in the UK - Landforms caused by erosion Deck (11)
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1
Q

How are wave-cut notches formed?

A

Waves cause most erosion at foot of cliff, forming w-c notch, which is enlarged as erosion continues by hydraulic action, attrition and solution, leaving overhang

2
Q

How are wave-cut platforms formed?

A
  • W-c notch enlarged by continual erosion. Overhang above notch becomes unstable and eventually collapses.
  • Collapsed material washed away and new w-c notch starts to form
  • Repeated collapsing results in cliff retreating, leaving w-c platform
3
Q

Headland definition?

A

Hard rocks which are left jutting out into sea

4
Q

Bay definition?

A

Area of soft rock which has been worn away more than headland

5
Q

Where do headlands and bays form?

A

Where there are alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock along coast

6
Q

Sequence of landform formations to stump?

A

Crack => Cave => Arch => Stack => Stump

7
Q

How do caves form on headland?

A

Destructive waves crash into headland and enlarge cracks by hydraulic power and abrasion. Repeated erosion develops crack into w-c notch then cave

8
Q

How does an arch on headland form from cave?

A

Over time, continued erosion of cave becomes larger and occurs on both sides of headland, deepening both caves until it breaks through headland, thus forming arch

9
Q

How do stacks form from arch?

A

Bottom of arch widened as notches by erosion. Freeze-thaw weathering continues to weaken top of arch, making it unstable and eventually collapsing, leaving a stack

10
Q

How do stumps form from stack?

A

Base of stack eroded, forming w-c notch and making stack unstable over time. Eventually collapses leaving only its base (stump)

11
Q

Example of stack and stump in UK?

A

Old Harry (stack) and Old Harry’s wife (stump)