Unit 2 Flashcards
What are the phases of the Industrial Revolution? Provide some examples of the products/advancements of each phase?
The Industrial Revolution has two phases. The first involved affordable and efficient metals, textiles, and travel. The second involve Transatlantic Cable, the Telegraph, the creation of cheaper, easier to produce dyes, chemicals including pharmaceuticals, petroleum, and electricity.
What were Charles Darwin’s beliefs?
Survival of the Fittest
Natural Selection
Vilified by the church due to conflict with 6-day creation.
What is Social Darwinism?
Philosophy that ideas, people, and nations should compete to become better.
Anti-meddling and intervention
Laissez-Faire
Herbert Spencer
What is Capitalism and who is associated with it?
Idea that markets will regulate themselves.
Adam Smith
Laissez-Faire
Social Darwinism for economies
What factors attributed to the industrialization of England first?
Huge coal deposits Massive accumulated wealth Large banks Credit Systems "Enclosed land" - allowed for different agricultural goods to be grown
What are negative side effects of textile production?
Greater cotton needs which led to greater need for slavery/a cheap workforce.
Cottage industries killed by larger machines
What social issues arise because of Industrialization?
The Social Problem Crime Prostitution Disease Overpopulation Unemployment - "the machines are taking our jobs!"
Led to creation of police forces, public health agencies, and urban regulation
What is class consciousness?
Awareness of one’s station in life and the realization of common experiences. This leads to unions and groups gaming for social/economic change.
What is the Cult of Domesticity?
Belief that women and men have separate spheres and were fundamentally different.
Idealized set of standards for middle-class women
Women were supposed to stay in the home
Men were supposed to be involved in the greater world
What are gender spheres?
Women - private sphere or home
Men - public sphere or work and politics
What roles to Middle Class women play in society?
In home - managing the house and keeping things running smoothly
Outside of the home - volunteer and charity
Highlighted by Queen Victoria
What are some of the Victorian views on sex?
Women were "morally above" sex Prudishness Anxiety Ignorance "Passionless"
(Also couldn’t help that death in childbirth was a huge problem)
What are the types of imperialism?
Direct (Colonies) - Annexed and subjugated territories
Indirect (Protectorates) - Governed through local leaders
Informal (Spheres of Influence) - Allowed territory to maintain its independence, but only kind of
How does England rule India and what role did the British East India Company play in this?
Colonial imperialism
BEIC used to promote trade and later to control via military, trade, and social means.
What was the Sepoy Mutiny?
Rebellion of sepoy soldiers working for BEIC against their colonizers.
Fighting spreads throughout India and results in the loss of control of Indian subcontinent
How do the Europeans colonize China?
Sphere of Influence imperialism
Forced trade agreements
Setting up of treaty ports
Establishing missionary outposts
What are the Opium Wars and what is their outcome?
Two conflicts in China re: opium importation
First caused by China attempting to suppress the illegal opium trade - result was ceding of Hong Kong Island to British and granting of more ports
Second caused by British and French desire to legalize the opium trade and gain more commercial privileges. It ended with treaty that placed missionaries/envoys in Beijing and more foreign ports.
What is the Boxer Rebellion? How is it put down?
The Boxers Rebelled
Martial artists
Anti-foreign
Results in alliance between European powers briefly to squash the rebellion
What is the “Great Game?”
Eastward expansion of Russia, taking territories from other powers and gaining them for Russia
What are the outcomes of the Russo-Japanese war?
Russia is humiliated
Fleet sunk within hours
Japan realizes they’re a proper world power
What is the Scramble for Africa?
European race for expansion in Africa.
How does Racial Thought affect Imperialism?
Multiple writers justify imperialism via racism.
Division of races into “colors”
Whiteness seen as “superior”
What is the White Man’s Burden?
Idea that white people were supposed to help their colonies by introducing white culture to them.
Popularized by Rudyard Kipling (Tarzan)
What are the causes of WWI and be able to explain how they relate to the death of Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
- Militarism – Stockpiling of weapons and building of armies (Access to weapons by Serbian terrorists)
- Alliances – Specifically secret alliances between countries (led to the succession of war proclamations)
- Imperialism – Desire for empire (Unwilling province is the location of assassination)
- Nationalism – Love of country and desire to show superiority (FF’s death was during the independence period of Bosnia, an unwilling Austria-Hungarian province).
