Unit 2

Question 1

Population Distribution

Answer 1

patterns of human settlement an spread of people across the earth, highlighting places on a map if crowded, sparsed, or empty

Question 2

Population Density

Answer 2

measure of the average population per square mile or kilometer of an area, measuring how crowded a place is

Question 3

Midlatitude

Answer 3

the regions between 30 degrees and 60 degrees north and south of the equator

Question 4

Social Stratification

Answer 4

the hierarchal division of people into groups based on factors like economic status, power, and/or ethnicity

Question 5

Arithmetic Population density

Answer 5

calculated by dividing a region’s population by its total area

Question 6

Physiological Population Density

Answer 6

calculated by dividing a region’s population by its total amount of arable land

Question 7

Arable

Answer 7

land suitable for growing crops

Question 8

Agricultural Population Density

Answer 8

compares the number of farmers to the area or arable land

Question 9

Redisrtricting

Answer 9

Boundary adjustments of rural areas and urban areas

Question 10

Infrastructure

Answer 10

refers to the facilities and structures that allows people to carry out their typical activities.

Question 11

Overpopulation

Answer 11

having more people than it can support

Question 12

Carrying Capacity

Answer 12

the number of people a region can support without damaging the environment

Question 13

The Influence of Time

Answer 13

the carrying capacity of a region can change over time

Question 14

Influence on Cities

Answer 14

cities could be built on land with low carrying capacity, but settlers have chosen sites for their settlements on or near land that could support a large population

Question 15

Significance of Density

Answer 15

can result in environmental problems like air and water pollution or depletion of resources

Question 16

Age-Sex Composition Graph

Answer 16

age and gender data, provides information on birth rates, death rates, average life expectancy, and economic development

Question 17

Population pyramid

Answer 17

similar to age-sex composition graph, but can also give evidence of past events like environmental hazards, wars, political changes, and epidemics.

Question 18

Cohorts

Answer 18

The vertical axis shows age groups, mostly listed in the middle of population pyramid, but can be shown on left or right side

Question 19

Birth Deficit

Answer 19

the slowdown of births

Question 20

Baby Boom

Answer 20

Once hostilities end and peace resumes, birth rates often spike, which could last years

Question 21

Baby Bust

Answer 21

Once the boom ends, birth rates are lower for a number of years

Question 22

Echo

Answer 22

the can be a bulge on a pyramid, which reflects an earlier baby boom

Question 23

Potential Workforce

Answer 23

the group expected to be the society’s labor force

Question 24

Dependent Population

Answer 24

people considered too young or too old to work full time, and assumed to rely on the economical active workforce to keep the society running

Question 25

Dependency Ratio

Answer 25

the comparison between the size of the potential workforce and the dependent population

Question 26

Demographic Balancing Equation

Answer 26

used to describe the future population of a region of any scale

Question 27

Immigrants

Answer 27

people who moved into the country

Question 28

Emigrants

Answer 28

people who moved out of the country

Question 29

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

Answer 29

the number of live births per year for each 1,000 people

Question 30

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Answer 30

average number of children who would be born per woman in a group in a country

Question 31

Life Expectancy

Answer 31

the average number of years people live

Question 32

Infant Mortality Rate

Answer 32

the number of children who die before their first birthday

Question 33

Sewer Systems

Answer 33

Protecting water supply from contamination, increasing life expectancy

Question 34

Water and Waste Systems

Answer 34

Systems that provide clean water through taxes, and also collected garbage and waste produced by city residents

Question 35

Vaccines

Answer 35

the immunity to diseases given to people to prevent outbreak

Question 36

Antibitotics

Answer 36

Helped cure people who had bacterial infections

Question 37

Better Medical Care

Answer 37

Procedures that have improved to help life expectancy

Question 38

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

Answer 38

amount of mortality per 1,000 population

Question 39

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)

Answer 39

the percentage of which a country's population is growing or declining, without the impact of migration

Question 40

Population Doubling Time

Answer 40

estimated using an equation known as the Rule of 70, assuming the growth rate remains steady, the approximate doubling time in years will be 70 divided by the growth rate per year

Question 41

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

Answer 41

shows five typical stages of population change that countries experience as they modernize

Question 42

Demographic Momentum

Answer 42

occurs because even though fertility rates have declined, people are living longer

Question 43

Epidemiological Transition Model

Answer 43

explains the changing death rates and more common causes of death within societies

Question 44

Malthusian Theory

Answer 44

if people could not limit population growth voluntarily, famine, or widespread and massive starvation, would limit population growth

Question 45

Boserup Theory

Answer 45

the more people there are, the more hands there are to work, rather than just more mouths to feed

Question 46

neo-Malthusians

Answer 46

people who believe population growth is a serious problem currently and an even greater threat for the future

Question 47

Antinatalist Policies

Answer 47

attempt to decrease the number of births in a country

Question 48

Pronatalist Policies

Answer 48

programs designed to increase the fertility rate

Question 49

Dependency Ratio

Answer 49

a value comparing the working to the nonworking parts of the population