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AP Human Geography Vocabulary > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

Population distribution

A

where people live in a geographic area

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2
Q

dispersed population

A

spread out

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3
Q

clustered population

A

grouped or clumped together around a central point

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4
Q

uniform population

A

spread out evenly over an area

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5
Q

linear population

A

appears to form long and narrow lines

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6
Q

population factors

A

climate, landforms, water bodies, culture, economics, history, and politics

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7
Q

climate

A

the long-term patterns of weather in a particular area

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8
Q

temperate climates

A

a climate with moderate temperatures and adequate precipitation amounts

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9
Q

landforms

A

the natural features of Earth’s surface

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10
Q

human migration

A

the permanent movement of people from one place to another

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11
Q

population density

A

the number of people occupying a unit of land

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12
Q

arithmetic density

A

the total number of people per unit area of land; also called crude density

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13
Q

physiological density

A

the total number of people per unit of arable land

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14
Q

arable land

A

land that can be used to grow crops

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15
Q

agricultural density

A

the total number of farmers per unit of arable land

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16
Q

subsistence agriculture

A

an agricultural practice that provides crops or livestock for only the farmers’ families and close community

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17
Q

carrying capacity

A

the maximum population size an environment can sustain

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18
Q

dependency ratio

A

the number of people in a dependent age group (under age 15 or age 65 and older) divided by the number of people in the working-age group (age 15 to 64), multiplied by 100

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19
Q

sex ratio

A

the proportion of males to females in a population

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20
Q

demographics

A

data about the structures and characteristics of human populations

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21
Q

fertility

A

the ability to produce children

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22
Q

crude birth rate (CBR)

A

the number of births in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population

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23
Q

total fertility rate (TFR)

A

the average number of children one woman in a given region will have during her child-bearing years (ages 15 to 49)

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24
Q

mortality

A

deaths as a component of population change

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25
crude death rate (CDR)
the number of deaths in a given year per 1,000 people in a given population
26
infant mortality rate (IMR)
the number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1,000 live births
27
life expectancy
the average number of years a person is expected to live
28
population pyramids
a graph that shows the age-sex distribution of a given population
29
rate of natural increase (RNI)
rate at which a population grows as the result of BR - DR divided by ten
30
doubling time (DT)
the number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate would double (assume rate remains stable)
31
urbanization
urban growth and development
32
overpopulation
the condition in which population growth outstrips the resources needed to support life
33
neo-malthusian
describing the theory related to the idea that population growth is unsustainable and that the future population cannot be supported by Earth's resources
34
demographic transition model (DTM)
Model used by geographers to analyze and predict trends in population growth and decline including patterns of births, deaths, and natural increase rates (shown through stages)
35
epidemiological transition model (ETM)
Predictable stages in disease and life expectancy that countries experience as they develop which corresponds with the stages of the DTM.
36
antinatalist
describing attitudes or policies that discourage childbearing as a means of limiting population growth
37
pronatalist
describing attitudes or policies that encourage childbearing as a means of spurring population growth
38
land degradation
long-term damage to the soil's ability to support life
39
market
the area surrounding a central place, from which people are attracted to use the place's goods and services
40
malthus malthusian theory
exponential increases in the population growth would surpass arithmetical increases in the food supply and lead to widespread famine
41
social values
a set of moral principles defined by society dynamics, institutions, traditions and cultural beliefs
42
contraception
birth control by the use of devices (antinatalist)
43
ravenstein's laws of migration
Migration is typically short in distance Migration occurs in steps Urban areas attract both long-distance and rural migrants Every migration generates a counter-migration Young, single, adult males are more likely to migrant than females Women will migrate shorter distances Most migration is due to economic factors
44
push factors
negative circumstances, events, or conditions present in a location that causes people to move away
45
pull factors
positive conditions and circumstances of a location that encourages people to move to that place
46
intervening opportunities
an opportunity that causes migrants to voluntarily stop traveling
47
intervening obstacles
barriers that hold migrants back from continuing to travel
48
forced/ involuntary migration
people relocate due to fears of violence or survival
49
voluntary migration
people migrate due to their own choices
50
slavery
Historical: Atlantic Slave Trade 16th-19th Centuries 10-12 million people Modern Day: The UN estimates about 21 million people are enslaved today. referred to as human trafficking.
51
refugees
someone who has been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war or violence
52
internally displaced persons
someone who has been forced to flee their home but never crosses an international border
53
asylum seekers
when people flee their own country they apply for asylum in another country to seek sanctuary in that country in order to get the right to be recognized as a refugee and receive legal protection and material assistance
54
transnational migration
A form of migration across international borders in which individuals maintain or build multiple networks of connection to their country of origin while at the same time settling in a new country
55
transhumance
traditional migration of nomadic herders that move their livestock from high elevations in the summer and lower elevations in the winter
56
internal migration
migrants that travel within a country’s borders (much more likely than transnational migration)
57
brain drain
the large-scale emigration of a large group of individuals with technical skills or knowledge
58
chain migration
immigrants migrate to a location based off of the recommendation of or reunification with family members, friends, or community members that have previously migrated to that location
59
step migration
migration typically occurs in steps, migrants reach their eventual destination through a series of smaller movements
60
guest worker
migrants who travel internationally in order to find work as temporary laborers
61
rural-to-urban
most typical kind of migration trend, up to 55% of people live in urban areas today
62
remittances
money sent back to migrants’ country of origin- major economic flow
63
ecumene
the habitable areas of the world
64
Population Replacement Level (PRL)
Number of children per woman needed to keep a country’s population constant (2.1=stable)
65
Intraregional migration
The movement within the same region of the country
66
Interregional migration
Movement from one region of a country to another

AP Human Geography Vocabulary (5 decks)

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