Unit 2

Question 1

internal migration

Answer 1

moving within a country’s borders (ex: California to Texas)

Question 2

demographic transition

Answer 2

a model used to show the patterns of a society’s fertility and mortality rates in 4-5 stages

Question 3

agricultural density

Answer 3

total number of farmers divided by arable land, used to determine how rich or poor a country is (more farmers = less technology)

Question 4

life expectancy / longevity rate

Answer 4

the number of years a certain person can expect to live, the average years a member of a population dies at

Question 5

zero population growth

Answer 5

no population growth, when the NIR is close to or equals 0

Question 6

voluntary migration

Answer 6

migration based on own choices

Question 7

remittance

Answer 7

money that is sent back to a migrant’s family in their home country

Question 8

international / transnational migration

Answer 8

migration to another country (ex: England to Canada)

Question 9

child mortality rate

Answer 9

the amount of deaths from the ages 1-5 per one thousand children

Question 10

demography

Answer 10

study and description of people

Question 11

doubling time

Answer 11

the years it would take for a certain population to double

Question 12

epidemiological transition

Answer 12

a model focusing on the health threats for each stage of demographic transition

Question 13

total fertility rate (TFR)

Answer 13

the average amount of children born to a woman within her child-bearing years (15-49)

Question 14

physiological density

Answer 14

-population divided by arable land
- measures ability + pressures to produce food to sustain population

Question 15

carrying capacity

Answer 15

the amount of people an area can support/sustain

Question 16

dependency ratio

Answer 16

the percentage of people that are dependent on the working population.

the number of people younger than 15 and older than 64 divided by the number of people from 15-64, then multiplied by 100 to reach a percentage. can also be specific for an age group: youth dependency ratio (younger than 15), and old-age dependency ratio (older than 64)

Question 17

Neo-Malthusian

Answer 17

an improved version of Thomas Malthus’ theory, it explains that the Earth’s resources can only support a certain population (carrying capacity)

Question 18

age distribution

Answer 18

the proportion of individuals of different ages within a population.

Question 19

arithmetic density

Answer 19

• total population divided by land
• doesn’t consider other factors that play into population, like the environment

Question 20

infant mortality rate (IMR)

Answer 20

the number of deaths under 1 years old per 1,000 births

Question 21

crude birth rate (CBR)

Answer 21

the number of births in a year divided by the total population within an area

Question 22

population pyramid

Answer 22

a graph that shows population based on age and sex. has different stages of rapidly expanding (high birth rate, high death rate), expanding, stationary (constant age structure), and contracting (low birth rate)

Question 23

forced migration

Answer 23

migration due to fear of violence, war, slavery, etc.

Question 24

guest worker/time-contract workers

Answer 24

when someone migrates to a place in order to be a temporary worker, however some do decide to stay in that location

Question 25

chain migration

Answer 25

when someone migrates to a place because of family that has previously migrated there

Question 26

refugee

Answer 26

a person who migrated from their home country because they feared for their safety (usually war)

Question 27

intervening obstacle

Answer 27

something that slows or pauses a migration (ex: oceans, deserts, mountains)

Question 28

natalism (pro/anti)

Answer 28

a belief surrounding having children anti-natalism: wanted fewer births (ex: China) pro-natalism: wanted more births (ex: USSR)

Question 29

brain drain/gain

Answer 29

when a country loses an educated/smart person from emigration (drain) or gains one from immigration (gain)

Question 30

sex ratio

Answer 30

the proportion of males to females born in a population. typically, there are more men than women, but women live longer. however, it can become imbalanced in places like China and India

Question 31

intervening opportunity

Answer 31

pausing/stopping a migration due to own choices

Question 32

net migration

Answer 32

the number of people who immigrated - the number who emigrated

Question 33

push / pull factors

Answer 33

something that influences someone to emigrate (push) or immigrate (pull) from/to a certain place (ex: jobs, cultural ideas, etc.)

Question 34

step migration

Answer 34

a type of migration where someone migrates to several places before a set final destination

Question 35

natural increase rate / rate of natural increase (NIR / RNI)

Answer 35

subtracts the CDR from the CBR, shows the growth of population through natural means

Question 36

Thomas Malthus

Answer 36

theorized that the population is growing exponentially, but the food supply increases arithmetically. essentially, the amount of food won't be able to support the population. this helped to open the conversation about overpopulation, however, the theory was flawed because of the technology that was developed in the following years that helped preserve and make more food to support the population

Question 37

ecumene

Answer 37

portion of Earth with permanent human settlement

Question 38

emigration

Answer 38

someone migrates out a place

Question 39

overpopulation

Answer 39

when there is too many people for the land to support

Question 40

crude death rate (CDR)

Answer 40

the number of deaths in a year divided by the total population within an area

Question 41

immigration

Answer 41

someone migrates into a place

Question 42

contraception

Answer 42

a method of preventing pregnancy (birth control pills, condoms, sterilization, abstinence, etc.)

Question 43

demographic equation

Answer 43

the NIR (CBR-CDR) added with the net migration (immigration-emigration), used to measure the total growth of a country

Question 44

replacement fertility

Answer 44

the amount of children each woman will need to have to replace the last generation

Question 45

activity space

Answer 45

where circulation takes place

Question 46

circulation

Answer 46

the normal movement you make daily (home to school, work, stores, etc.)

Question 47

diaspora

Answer 47

when people of a similar background are spread out throughout the world , typically forced or because of fear

Question 48

migration stream

Answer 48

a flow of migrants to the same location (ex: Latin America to U.S.)

Question 49

migration selectivity

Answer 49

a place selecting certain people to immigrate (ex: for or against)

Question 50

urbanization

Answer 50

migration to a city

Question 51

suburbanization

Answer 51

migration to a suburb

Question 52

counter urbanization

Answer 52

migration to a rural area (usually from an urban area)

Question 53

interregional migration

Answer 53

migration between two regions

Question 54

intraregional migration

Answer 54

migration in the same region