Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy And Physiology 219 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Cranial nerve II

A

Optic nerve

-sensory: vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cranial nerve III

A

Ocularmotor nerve
(IR, SR, MR, IO)

motor:
-eye movement
-eyelid opening
-pupil constriction
-accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cranial nerve IV

A

Trochlear

Motor: eye movement

Superior oblique muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cranial nerve VI

A

Abducens

Motor: eye movement

Innervates lateral rectus muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cranial nerve V

A

Trigeminal

(3 divisions but we only need to know V1: ophthalmic (broken into 3 subsections)

-Frontal: Innervates forehead, upper eyelids, sides of nose
-nasociliary: cornea, iris, ciliary body
-lacrimal: lacrimal gland, skin of upper eyelid, conjunctiva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CN III superior and inferior innervations

A

Superior:
-levator palpebrae superioris
-superior rectus (SR)

Inferior:
-Medial rectus (MR)
-inferior rectus (IR)
-inferior oblique (IO)
-pupil constriction
-accommodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CN V innervations

A

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
-frontal (forehead, upper eyelids, sides of nose)
-lacrimal (lacrimal gland, skin of upper eyelid, conjunctiva)
-nasociliary (cornea, iris, ciliary body)
-long ciliary
-short ciliary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

(Bony orbit) location of frontal bone

A

Top of eye socket, rest of the forehead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(Bony orbit) location of maxilla bone

A

Bottom nasal ridge down to top of teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

(Bony orbit) location of zygomatic bone

A

Lower temporal region and cheekbones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(Bony orbit) location of sphenoid bone

A

Right at the back of the eye socket. Can’t miss it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(Bony orbit) location of ethmoid bone

A

Entirely within eye socket on the nasal edge, posterior to lacrimal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

(Bony orbit) location of lacrimal bone

A

Just inside the eye socket, anterior to ethmoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

(Bony orbit) palatine bone

A

Posterior and inferior to ethmoid bone. It is hiding because it is so little.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Optic foramen

A

Hole for optic nerve to pass through. Located medial to superior fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Located immediately lateral to the optic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Arterial system

A

Internal carotid artery
-ophthalmic artery
-central retinal artery
-lacrimal artery
-long posterior ciliary arteries
-short posterior ciliary arteries
-muscular branch
-anterior ciliary arteries
-supraorbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Venous system

A

4 to 8 vortex veins drain retina
-inferior vortex vein
-inferior ophthalmic vein
-superior vortex vein
-central retinal vein
-superior ophthalmic vein
-lacrimal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Short posterior ciliary arteries

A

Enter the posterior of the sclera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Long posterior ciliary arteries

A

Run medially and laterally along the sides of the optic nerve and pass to the anterior aspect of the eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Anterior ciliary arteries

A

Branches off the long posterior artery and supplies anterior portion of eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Central retinal artery

A

Supplies interior surface of the retina. Branches off of ophthalmic artery. Pierces the optic nerve to enter the retina at the optic disc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vortex veins

A

4-8 veins that drain the retina. Are located superiorly and inferiorly. drain into the superior and inferior veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Superior and inferior veins drain into

A

Cavernous sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cavernous sinus
Two Big-ass chambers that pretty much everything passes through to get to your eyeball
26
Central retinal vein
Accompanies the central retinal artery to drain blood from the retina inside the eye.
27
Posterior pole diagram (Know where these are, I can’t put em here)
-Optic nerve -superior arcade -inferior arcade -temporal retina -nasal retina -retinal vein -fovea -macula
28
6 Extraocular muscles + CN nerves
-superior oblique (CN IV)(trochlear) -superior rectus (CN III) (oculomotor) -medial rectus (CN III) -lateral rectus (CN VI)(abducens) -inferior oblique (CN III) -inferior rectus(CN III)
29
Visual pathway of light through the eye
-cornea -anterior chamber -pupil -posterior chamber -lens -vitreous humour -macula -fovea -optic nerve
30
Layers of the cornea
-Epithelium (most anterior) -Bowman’s layer -stroma (thickest) -descemet’s membrane -endothelium (most posterior)
31
Endothelium
Most posterior layer of cornea. Is “leaky”: allows water to pass from aqueous. Pumps fluid out from stroma to anterior chamber
32
2 types of Conjunctiva
Bulbar-covers sclera Palpebral- covers inside of eyelid
33
Sclera
-Made of collagen -visible white part of eye -goes all the way around eyeball
34
Ciliary body
Anterior -Controls accommodation -produces aqueous -anchors zonules
35
Trabecular meshwork and canal of schlemm
-Anterior Filter aqueous fluid
36
Iris
Anterior -Dilation and constriction of pupil
37
Crystalline lens
Anterior -65% water -3 layers -nucleus -cortex -capsule -biconvex lens -plus power for eye -accommodation
38
Vitreous humour
Posterior -mostly water, some collagen -cloquet’s canal -allows light to pass through
39
Choroid
Posterior -Large vessels -choriocapillaris -supply retina with oxygen, transport nutrients to and from retina
40
Layers of retina-(starting from vitreous)
Internal limiting membrane Nerve fiber layer Ganglion cell layer Inner plexiform layer Inner nuclear layer Outer plexiform layer Outer nuclear layer External limiting membrane Photoreceptor layer Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) Bruch’s membrane
41
Retinal blood supply from
-Choriocapillaris -central artery branches
42
Function of retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) (posterior layer)
-melanin absorbs stray light -transport of metabolites -barrier to protect photoreceptors -regeneration of rods and cones -phagocytosis of photoreceptor tips
43
3 parts of Uveal tract
-iris -ciliary body -choroid
44
Primitive embryonic layers
-surface ectoderm -neural crest -neural ectoderm -optic vesicle -optic cup -Endoderm -where? Get fucked, that’s where, I guess.
45
Extraocular muscles that are not innervated by CN III
Superior oblique - IV trochlear Lateral rectus - VI abducens
46
Cranial nerves pass through this fissure
Superior fissure
47
Extraocular muscle innervated by CN IV (trochlear)
Superior oblique
48
Extraocular muscle innervated by CN VI (abducens)
Lateral rectus
49
Cranial nerve VII
Facial Sensory and motor Facial expression, parasympathetic innervations of lacrimal and salivary glands
50
Embryonic development week 3
Neural groove
51
Between which weeks of gestation does the majority of ocular development occur?
Between three and 10 weeks
52
Three embryonic layers of the eye
– Surface ectoderm – neural ectoderm – mesoderm NO ENDODERM 
53
Embryonic development week four
– Optic vesicles – lens plates
54
Embryonic development week five
– Optic cup – lens vesicle
55
Embryonic development week six
– Cornea – hyaloid vessels – vitreous cavity – lens separates
56
Embryonic development week seven
– Retina differentiates from neural and pigment – sclera – optic nerve forms
57
Embryonic development week eight
Extraocular muscles
58
Describe infant cornea
Large cornea at birth reaches adult size by two years old
59
Describe infant iris
Heavily pigmented posterior Iris but less or no pigment in the anterior Iris. often appears blue
60
What is Coloboma
A congenital malformation due to failure of an embryonic structure to fuse
61
The general shape of the orbit moving from front to back
Pyramidal
62
Three bones that contribute to the orbital rim
– Frontal – zygomatic – maxilla
63
Cranial nerves pass through this opening
Superior orbital fissure
64
Superior ophthalmic vein empties here
Cavernous sinus
65
Lamina cribrosa
Posterior mesh area that nerve fibres travel through
66
Limbus
Area immediately around the cornea
67
Choriocapillaris
Capillaries coming from the choroid
68
Canaliculi
Tubes connected to puncta to drain tears

Anatomy And Physiology 219 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions