Unit 5: Visual Fields

Question 1

Scotoma

Answer 1

Area where vision is partially or fully reduced

Question 2

Ipsilateral

Answer 2

Visual field defect on the same side as lesion

Question 3

Contralateral

Answer 3

Visual field defect on opposite side of lesion

Question 4

Homonymous

Answer 4

Affecting the same part of the visual field of each eye

Question 5

Hemianopia

Answer 5

Half of visual field has defect

Question 6

Injury on the right side of the brain would affect this visual field

Answer 6

Left visual field of each eye

Question 7

Homonymous hemianopia

Answer 7

the same half of both eyes is affected

Question 8

Quadrantanopia

Answer 8

Quarter of the visual field scotoma

Question 9

Central defect

Answer 9

Scotoma in the centre of the visual field

Question 10

Arcuate defect

Answer 10

Arc shaped defect extending towards the blind spot

Question 11

Macular sparing may occur if lesion is here

Answer 11

-More anterior part of the brain
-More peripheral fibres(?)

Question 12

Monocular horizontal field of view

Answer 12

150 Degrees

Question 13

Monocular superior and inferior field of view

Answer 13

60 and 50 Degrees respectively

Question 14

Binocular view covers how many degrees centrally

Answer 14

120

Question 15

Reasons for visual field defects

Answer 15

-Trauma
-Systemic disease
-Eye diseases

Question 16

Reasons for conducting a visual field analysis

Answer 16

-Ophthalmic problem
-Neurological problem
-Toxic medications
-Headaches
-Unexplained reduced visual acuity
-Abnormal pupils
-Abnormal EOM movements
-Proptosis
-Elevated IOP

Question 17

Automated visual fields tests

Answer 17

-Humphrey Field analyzer
-Frequency doubling technology
-Octopus?

Question 18

Manual visual field tests

Answer 18

-Confrontation
-Tangent screen
-Goldmann
-Amsler grid

Question 19

Humphrey: 30–2

Answer 19

Central 30° with type two test points
-Used for general screening, early glaucoma and neurological conditions
-Measures 30° temporally and nasally

Question 20

Humphrey: 24–2

Answer 20

Used for general screening, early glaucoma and neurological conditions
-(Is this the same as the 30–2 test but with different numbers?)

Question 21

Humphrey: 10–2

Answer 21

More than five times as many points in the central 10° compared with the 24-2 and a 30–2

Question 22

Esterman test

Answer 22

-Tests BINOCULAR vision
-Useful for drivers test


Question 23

Frequency doubling technology

Answer 23

-Patients detect a square of flickering grating pattern
-High sensitivity
-Shorter testing time
-Doesn’t require 20/20 acuity

Question 24

False positive

Answer 24

Patient is responding even if there’s no stimulus
-“trigger happy”

Question 25

False negative

Answer 25

Patient should be able to see stimulus based on previous responses they’ve already given, but they don’t identify it.

Question 26

Fixation loss

Answer 26

When the patient is looking around to catch stimuli instead of at central point

Question 27

Glaucoma presents with this visual defect

Answer 27

-Nasal step early on
-Arcuate scotoma in more advanced cases

Question 28

Retinitis pigmentosa presents with this visual defect

Answer 28

Restricted field or ring scotoma

Question 29

Pituitary tumour presents with this visual defect

Answer 29

Bitemporal hemianopia

Question 30

Stroke presents with this visual defect

Answer 30

Varies depending on region of brain impacted

Question 31

Optic neuritis presents with this visual defect

Answer 31

Central scotoma typical but depends on where lesions are in the brain
-Associated with MS

Question 32

Optic disc drusen presents with this visual defect

Answer 32

Variable but may be arcurate scotoma