unit 2

Question 1

kinship

Answer 1

human relations through mating genealogy and adoption

Question 2

fictive kinship

Answer 2

constructed relationships

Question 3

patriarchy

Answer 3

a social system in which positions of dominance and privilege are primarily held by men.

Question 4

school of thought

Answer 4

a perspective within a field of study

Question 5

binary opposite

Answer 5

a pair of direct and exact opposites

Question 6

materialism

Answer 6

a tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values

Question 7

determinism

Answer 7

a philosophical view, where all events are determined completely by previously existing causes

Question 8

functionalism

Answer 8

the school of thought that each and every mental state is constituted solely by its functional role

Question 9

structuralism

Answer 9

the school of thought that implies that elements of human culture must be understood by way of their relationship to a broader system

Question 10

cultural materialism

Answer 10

the idea that infrastructure, consisting of “material realities” mold and influence the other two aspects of culture

Question 11

levels of society

Answer 11

superstructures, structures, infrastructures

Question 12

superstructures

Answer 12

religion, science, art, music, literature

Question 13

domestic economy

Answer 13

structure. family and kinship organization, gender roles, age roles

Question 14

political economy

Answer 14

structure. patterns of class, modes of political organization

Question 15

mode of production

Answer 15

infrastructure. technology, work patterns, geographic and physical environment

Question 16

birth and death rates

Answer 16

infrastructure. size and density of population, rate of population growth, technology of birth and population control

Question 17

functionalism critique

Answer 17

assumes stability in society and downplays negative results of some institutions/practices

Question 18

structuralism critique

Answer 18

assumes stability in society and overemphasizes logic

Question 19

cultural materialism critique

Answer 19

gives priority to the material world over the world of the mind. simplistic, disregards the importance of culture.

Question 20

psychoanalytic theory

Answer 20

a theory by sigmund freud that suggests that our childhood experiences and unconscious desires shape our behaviour. dream analysis

Question 21

behaviouralism

Answer 21

all behaviours are acquired through conditioning processes. motivations for behaviours are key to controlling behaviour

Question 22

learning theory

Answer 22

learning can be achieved through observation and imitation

Question 23

conscious mind

Answer 23

the active and awake mind where decisions are made

Question 24

unconscious mind

Answer 24

processes in the mind that occur automatically and are not available to introspection

Question 25

the id

Answer 25

part of the mind that seeks to meet basic physical needs and desires

Question 26

the superego

Answer 26

part of the mind that seeks to meet ideal standards (morality, social acceptability)

Question 27

the ego

Answer 27

acts as a balance between the id and superego.

Question 28

critique of psychoanalytic theory

Answer 28

not scientifically researched by freud

Question 29

critique of behaviouralism

Answer 29

looks at people as a clean slate, does not take individuality and heredity into account

Question 30

critique of learning theory

Answer 30

factors that lead to learning have not been established, more research is needed