unit 2 Flashcards
The most recent addition to the standard four vital signs is:
blood pressure? NOT TEMP
Which term ______ was suggested by Canadian physician Balfour Mount in the 1970s and has continued to gain favor?
palliative care
All of the following are true of the hospice movement internationally EXCEPT that:
pain control is not the primary objective for hospice in some countries
______ is a state of mind in which there is a lack of clarity and organization, along with difficulty in making accurate judgments.
confusion
Some terminal patients feel more comfortable in ______ because they are able to spend a few days with considerate and expert caregivers who are not part of their interpersonal network, thus liberating them from the investment of limited emotional energy in meeting the needs and expectations of their families and friends.
medical care facilities
The earliest type of hospice facilities were well established by the ______ century.
fifth
One of the greatest challenges facing hospice today is the:
continuity of care and medicalization of death
Since 2014, approximately ______ terminally ill Americans received hospice care at the end of their lives.
1.6 million
Currently, nearly ______ people choose palliative care as end of life draws near.
2/5
Palliative care is an essential public health intervention that is seldom available to:
native americans
______ introduced modern hospice care when she founded St. Christopher’s Hospice in London.
Cicely Saunders
One reason a hospice may refuse an individual’s participation as a volunteer is due to:
a disorganized lifestyle
Seven-year-old Marie’s experiences during her terminal illness demonstrated:
none of the above
The story of Barbara, a woman who had lived an active and useful life as a Native American and university faculty member, indicated that:
no religious spokesperson on either side demanded a pure or exclusionary approach
Research finds that hospital-based nurses and physicians:
hold positive attitudes toward hospice and are not well informed about the state of the art in pain relief
A major study found that most physicians refer patients:
to hospice programs too late
Which is true of hospice care internationally?
it is used equally by men and women
Pain control is important because it:
enables the dying person to give attention to more important matters
The International Work Group on Death and Dying recommended all of the following standards of care for the terminally ill EXCEPT to:
make sure that the patient is alone at the time of death
Most hospice programs:
provide a full range of services to AIDS patients without bias
After a long absence, the renewed hospice approach to caring for the dying appeared in the ______ century.
nineteenth
______ is a symptom of terminal decline that often has not received the attention it deserves.
fatigue
When asked how they would like the last three days of their lives to be, the most frequent answer given by hospice clients was:
“I want certain people to be here with me.”
Hospice Medicare benefits cover the costs of:
everything you need, usually
______ is an agitated and incoherent state of mind that could be described as a fit of madness.
Delirium
Which of the following is a barrier to hospice care for persons with AIDS?
Willingness to support hospice operations, of hospice staff and administrators to provide services to AIDS patients, and of health-care system to make adjustments when necessary for AIDS patients
The daughter’s response to “Mother’s Last Moments,” a hospice vignette presented in the text, was:
“It was really right … and she was ready to go.”
Which of the following is a family-oriented standard of care for the terminally ill?
They should have the opportunity for privacy with the dying person both while living and immediately after death.
Experts suggest all of the following ways to relieve pain in terminally ill patients without surgery or drugs EXCEPT:
promoting the moral value of pain and suffering
The International Work Group on Death and Dying was critical of the type of terminal care provided in most hospitals in the early 1970s. It was noted that:
the “successful” death is quiet, slipping with little notice
Cross-cultural research on organ transplantation has indicated that:
in Japan it would be viewed as expected behavior; in China, an organ donation is likely to be viewed as a morally praiseworthy act
Attempts to extend life:
extend as far back as pretechnological times when magical spells, secret rituals, and experiments with a variety of substances and concoctions were utilized
The Patient Self-Determination Act:
recognizes a mentally competent adult’s right to refuse life-support procedures and the right to select a proxy
All of the following represent major changes in cryonics EXCEPT:
cooled tissues are transformed into a custard-type substance; water in the cells is replaced with antifreeze compounds
When first introduced in 1968, the living will proved to be limited in its effectiveness because:
instructions were not specific enough, instructions did not cover all possible situations, obeying the living will was not required by law
A health-care proxy is:
the person with the ability to represent our wishes and see that they are fulfilled if we are unable to do so ourselves
At least one study has reported the illegal but prospering sale of organs from living human donors taking place in:
the U.S
Despite strides that have been made with the Patient Self-Determination Act, informed consent and living will patients still feel rushed into making an informed decision especially when:
health-care professionals are under pressure, the overall quality of health care is inadequate, physicians feel compelled to “doctor” the information that they are willing to share with a patient
According to Tuttle-Newhall et al. (2009), the approximate number of deaths each year due to waiting for an organ transplant is:
18
When registering as a prospective organ or tissue donor, the participation of a disinterested witness is required when a person:
amends, revokes, refuses, is not eligible to receive gift or is not family to the person receiving
At any one time, the number of patients in the U.S. on the waiting list for an organ transplant is estimated to be:
120,000
As a follow-up to the results of the original SUPPORT study conducted in 1995, in 2007 a research team investigated the role of advance directives and determined that:
about a quarter of the patients with advance directives experienced inadequate pain control
“Transplantation tourism” refers to:
a surge in the number of individuals who when faced with the need for an organ transplant will travel to other countries such as India in order to access this procedure.
More recent SUPPORT study findings also indicated that:
seven out of ten individuals did have an advance directive, and those who died in hospitals were least likely to have an advance directive
The most common type of organ donor is a:
living person who donates to a family member or others that they know
When it comes to planning a funeral, public interest groups such as AARP recommend that:
a written list of prices should be requested and compared before making a final decision, and the options of simple and immediate burial and cremation should also be explored
The cryonics procedure cannot begin until:
a physician has certified that a patient is dead
