unit 2 Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
The most recent addition to the standard four vital signs is:
A
blood pressure? NOT TEMP
2
Q
Which term ______ was suggested by Canadian physician Balfour Mount in the 1970s and has continued to gain favor?
A
palliative care
3
Q
All of the following are true of the hospice movement internationally EXCEPT that:
A
pain control is not the primary objective for hospice in some countries
4
Q
______ is a state of mind in which there is a lack of clarity and organization, along with difficulty in making accurate judgments.
A
confusion
5
Q
Some terminal patients feel more comfortable in ______ because they are able to spend a few days with considerate and expert caregivers who are not part of their interpersonal network, thus liberating them from the investment of limited emotional energy in meeting the needs and expectations of their families and friends.
A
medical care facilities
6
Q
The earliest type of hospice facilities were well established by the ______ century.
A
fifth
7
Q
One of the greatest challenges facing hospice today is the:
A
continuity of care and medicalization of death
8
Q
Since 2014, approximately ______ terminally ill Americans received hospice care at the end of their lives.
A
1.6 million
9
Q
Currently, nearly ______ people choose palliative care as end of life draws near.
A
2/5
10
Q
Palliative care is an essential public health intervention that is seldom available to:
A
native americans
11
Q
______ introduced modern hospice care when she founded St. Christopher’s Hospice in London.
A
Cicely Saunders
12
Q
One reason a hospice may refuse an individual’s participation as a volunteer is due to:
A
a disorganized lifestyle
13
Q
Seven-year-old Marie’s experiences during her terminal illness demonstrated:
A
none of the above
14
Q
The story of Barbara, a woman who had lived an active and useful life as a Native American and university faculty member, indicated that:
A
no religious spokesperson on either side demanded a pure or exclusionary approach
15
Q
Research finds that hospital-based nurses and physicians:
A
hold positive attitudes toward hospice and are not well informed about the state of the art in pain relief
16
Q
A major study found that most physicians refer patients:
A
to hospice programs too late
17
Q
Which is true of hospice care internationally?
A
it is used equally by men and women
18
Q
Pain control is important because it:
A
enables the dying person to give attention to more important matters
19
Q
The International Work Group on Death and Dying recommended all of the following standards of care for the terminally ill EXCEPT to:
A
make sure that the patient is alone at the time of death
20
Q
Most hospice programs:
A
provide a full range of services to AIDS patients without bias
21
Q
After a long absence, the renewed hospice approach to caring for the dying appeared in the ______ century.
A
nineteenth
22
Q
______ is a symptom of terminal decline that often has not received the attention it deserves.
A
fatigue
23
Q
When asked how they would like the last three days of their lives to be, the most frequent answer given by hospice clients was:
A
“I want certain people to be here with me.”
24
Q
Hospice Medicare benefits cover the costs of:
A
everything you need, usually
25
______ is an agitated and incoherent state of mind that could be described as a fit of madness.
Delirium
26
Which of the following is a barrier to hospice care for persons with AIDS?
Willingness to support hospice operations, of hospice staff and administrators to provide services to AIDS patients, and of health-care system to make adjustments when necessary for AIDS patients
27
The daughter’s response to “Mother's Last Moments,” a hospice vignette presented in the text, was:
“It was really right … and she was ready to go.”
28
Which of the following is a family-oriented standard of care for the terminally ill?
They should have the opportunity for privacy with the dying person both while living and immediately after death.
29
Experts suggest all of the following ways to relieve pain in terminally ill patients without surgery or drugs EXCEPT:
promoting the moral value of pain and suffering
30
The International Work Group on Death and Dying was critical of the type of terminal care provided in most hospitals in the early 1970s. It was noted that:
the “successful” death is quiet, slipping with little notice
31
Cross-cultural research on organ transplantation has indicated that:
in Japan it would be viewed as expected behavior; in China, an organ donation is likely to be viewed as a morally praiseworthy act
32
Attempts to extend life:
extend as far back as pretechnological times when magical spells, secret rituals, and experiments with a variety of substances and concoctions were utilized
33
The Patient Self-Determination Act:
recognizes a mentally competent adult’s right to refuse life-support procedures and the right to select a proxy
34
All of the following represent major changes in cryonics EXCEPT:
cooled tissues are transformed into a custard-type substance; water in the cells is replaced with antifreeze compounds
35
When first introduced in 1968, the living will proved to be limited in its effectiveness because:
instructions were not specific enough, instructions did not cover all possible situations, obeying the living will was not required by law
36
A health-care proxy is:
the person with the ability to represent our wishes and see that they are fulfilled if we are unable to do so ourselves
37
At least one study has reported the illegal but prospering sale of organs from living human donors taking place in:
the U.S
38
Despite strides that have been made with the Patient Self-Determination Act, informed consent and living will patients still feel rushed into making an informed decision especially when:
health-care professionals are under pressure, the overall quality of health care is inadequate, physicians feel compelled to “doctor” the information that they are willing to share with a patient
39
According to Tuttle-Newhall et al. (2009), the approximate number of deaths each year due to waiting for an organ transplant is:
18
40
When registering as a prospective organ or tissue donor, the participation of a disinterested witness is required when a person:
amends, revokes, refuses, is not eligible to receive gift or is not family to the person receiving
41
At any one time, the number of patients in the U.S. on the waiting list for an organ transplant is estimated to be:
120,000
42
As a follow-up to the results of the original SUPPORT study conducted in 1995, in 2007 a research team investigated the role of advance directives and determined that:
about a quarter of the patients with advance directives experienced inadequate pain control
43
“Transplantation tourism” refers to:
a surge in the number of individuals who when faced with the need for an organ transplant will travel to other countries such as India in order to access this procedure.
44
More recent SUPPORT study findings also indicated that:
seven out of ten individuals did have an advance directive, and those who died in hospitals were least likely to have an advance directive
45
The most common type of organ donor is a:
living person who donates to a family member or others that they know
46
When it comes to planning a funeral, public interest groups such as AARP recommend that:
a written list of prices should be requested and compared before making a final decision, and the options of simple and immediate burial and cremation should also be explored
47
The cryonics procedure cannot begin until:
a physician has certified that a patient is dead
48
Each of the following factors influences the number of successful transplantations EXCEPT:
willingness of health-care professionals to impose on grieving survivors
49
According to the Vermont Ethics Network, a CAD should address specific care wishes such as if an individual wants:
sufficient pain meds, hospice care when dying, and to die at home
50
The organs most sought for transplantation are:
kidneys and livers
51
The term CAD refers to:
comprehensive advance directive
52
Advocates who believe that it is possible to maintain the bodies of deceased people at a very low temperature for longer periods of time and later restore them to life are supportive of the following approach:
cryonic
53
According to Charles P. Sabatino (2005), an attorney who specializes in advance directives:
an advance directive legal in one state generally will be legal in all others, pain control and comfort care would be continued regardless, and a form approved by our home state can be revised to better express our preferences
54
The practice of vitrification is intended to:
regenerate a whole body after resuscitation
55
An issue that influenced the initial implementation of the living will included that:
medical care professionals might not have been aware that a patient had a living will
56
In a survey conducted by the University of Rochester (2002) of college students enrolled in history of sociology and medicine classes, findings indicated that:
African-American students were the least likely to request a DNR order, and Hispanic students were the least likely to request life-sustaining measures
57
The first person to choose to have his certified dead body placed in a hypothermic condition, James Bedford, was a:
psychologist
58
The famous composer Johann Sebastian Bach’s end-of-life activities serve as a powerful example of:
how mental and emotional processes can still be sharp even though one’s physical body may be failing
59
Scientists believe that at this point in time:
people have been placed in this condition, but no attempts have been made to reanimate
60
All of the following represent a major demographic risk factor for suicide among elderly persons EXCEPT:
living in a nursing home
61
The seppuku tradition and the kamikaze combat death are examples of ______ suicide.
altruistic
62
Which is true about Native American suicide
It is most frequent among young Native Alaskans.
63
Which of the following factors is associated with higher risk of suicide among youth?
a previous suicide attempt
64
______ experiences high rates of suicide among women, specifically, 56 percent of the world’s female suicides.
China
65
Which of the following statements best describes the connection between suicide and heavy metal music?
Heavy metal music is associated with lower suicide rates because it offers a buffer against anxiety, especially against existential angst caused by thoughts of death.
66
Suicide as a rational alternative to living in an ugly and harsh world was favorably regarded by the:
Stoics
67
Which country has no reports of suicide?
none
68
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding suicide in the United States?
The U.S. has one of the lowest suicide rates in the world.
69
Alcohol and drug misuse:
is more common among suicidal people of all ages, can be a signal, as suicide risk increases when a person goes on a “jag”, is even more frequently related to suicide with youth than with other age groups
70
The most common triggering event for youth suicide is:
loss of a valued relationship
71
Most of the female suicides in China are of the type Durkheim identified as:
fatalistic
72
The highest suicide rates in the U.S. are found in:
low-density Western states such as Nevada and Wyoming.
73
Suicide is the ______ leading cause of death among youth ages 15 to 24.
third
74
Suicide rates in cities with major gambling operations are:
higher than average for both visitors and for residents.
75
Which of the following is TRUE of the suicide profile of African Americans?
Religious beliefs and social support play a role in reduced suicide rates.
76
“Suicide is sinful because only God has the power to grant life and death.” This position was forcefully taken by:
St. Thomas Aquinas.
77
The homeless person who feels so isolated and ignored that he takes his own life has demonstrated what Durkheim called ______ suicide.
anomic
78
“______” is the term for suicide by people who have extremely high or excessive concern for the community.
Altruistic suicide
78
The powerful sociological theory of suicide which highlighted social integration was developed by:
Durkheim
79
The tradition of daishi developed from:
the samurai seeking honor on the battlefield.
80
Laws interpreting suicide as a crime:
have been erased from the books in the United States.
81
Which of the following is NOT a significant indicator of possible suicide risk among elderly people?
increased sense of connectedness with and interest in other people
82
The most common choice of suicide method for elderly men and women in the U.S. is:
use of firearms
83
The risk for suicide among people with HIV/AIDS is:
is 20 times greater than the general population.
84
Characteristics associated with “suicide by cop” include:
strong homicidal/self destructive impulses, and bipolar disorder.
85
______ is the one nation in which the suicide rate for women is higher than men.
China
86
Completed suicides come most frequently from which segment of the U.S. population?
white males
87
“______” is the term for suicide by people who are lacking sufficient control by societal norms and obligations.
egoistic suicide
88
Which areas of the United States have the lowest homicide rates?
northeastern states
89
During the twentieth century, the highest death toll due to terrorism was among:
Russian peasants
90
Which of the following types of disaster episode has been the most devastating?
earthquakes
91
Traditionally, violent deaths of human origin have been separated into the categories of:
murder, infanticide, war, genocide, and terrorism
91
Of the following types of accidents, which is LEAST likely to occur?
Boating accident
92
The leading cause of death for women in the workplace is:
murder by a co-worker
93
The first episode in human history known as “the reign of terror” involved death by:
guillotine
93
Additional characteristics of mass murderers include:
psychotic, do not occur in the South but are committed by Southerners, committed by white males.
94
Victims of what is known as an “honor killing” are most likely to be:
females murdered by their own families members whom are accused or suspected of bringing shame to their families.
95
According to the Center for Health Statistics, approximately how many accidental deaths occur in the United States annually?
100,000
96
Female serial killers come to attention less often because:
they use poison and other “quiet” methods of killing
96
Of the types of accidents listed below, which is MOST likely to occur?
falling
97
According to Walsh (2005), incidents of serial killings committed by African Americans tend to be underreported because:
most victims are also African American and the media is more likely to dismiss such incidents as less newsworthy
98
Annually, in the U.S. the number of parents murdered by their own offspring (children) is estimated to be:
300
99
Males between the ages of 15 to 24 are most likely to:
have the highest rates of committing homicides and become victims of homicides
100
The term “assassins” was derived from:
members of a small, highly disciplined Middle Eastern religious sect in the eleventh century
100
When it comes to parents murdered by their own children:
most murdered parents and step-parents are white and non-Hispanic, most killers have been severely abused by their parents, and victims are usually in their fifties
101
Within a few months of the 9/11 World Trade Center attacks, which of the following took place?
American flags were less frequently displayed, church attendance declined to its previous level, and the public went back to ignoring world news.
102
Elements that appear to be common to both terrorism and genocide include:
the unleashing of terror against people who share the same land but are perceived as different, killing that is preceded by denying the fundamental reality of people as human beings, and religious intolerance that is used to justify acts of mass destruction against others
103
Each of the following is a type of natural disaster EXCEPT:
global warming
104
The most current explanations given for why adolescents engage in school shootings include that:
killing has gained more acceptance as a way to solve a problem, killers often feel isolated with a “me versus them” mentality, and killers see no other way to deal with rejection and frustration
105
The first American president against whom an assassination attempt was made was:
Andrew Jackson
105
A mass killing is one is which:
several (or many) people are killed in a single episode
106
Of the four nations listed below, which has the highest known murder rate in the Western world?
United States
107
The replacement father syndrome refers to:
assaults against infants and young children committed in the home by their mother’s new male partner
108
When it comes to homicide:
men are most often both the killers and victims, firearms are used in 2/3 of homicides, and most killers are of the same race as their victims
109
In a study about stress following the 9/11 attacks, which of the following was NOT a major finding?
People without a previous psychiatric disorder were less at risk for post-traumatic stress disorder.
110
Negligent homicide occurs when:
an act of carelessness results in the death of another person
111
Which areas of the United States have the highest homicide rates?
Southern states
112
Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of accidental death for:
males, females, children
