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AP Psychology > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

a neural impluse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

A

action potential

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2
Q

the strength of a response of a nerve cell or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus

A

All or None Response

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3
Q

the center of emotion and motivations, linked to emotion, fear, & aggression tells your body to produce adrenaline

A

amygdala

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4
Q

a molecule that blocks a neurotransmitter’s release

A

antagonist

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5
Q

any area in the cerebral cortex that is not in the motor, sensory, visual, or auditory cortexes: process/integrate information from the senses

A

association areas

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6
Q

controls the glands and the involuntary muscles of internal organs: sympathetic & parasympathetic

A

autonomic nervous system

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7
Q

a long tubular structure in a neuron that transmits action potentials

A

axon

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8
Q

the oldest part and central core of the brain, connects brain and spinal cord, responsible for automatic survival functions

A

brainstem

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9
Q

the part of a neuron that convents oxygen, sugars, and other nutrients into energy, contains nucleus

A

cell body

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10
Q

the brain and the spinal cord, centrally located in the body, communication highway between rest of body and brain

A

central nervous system

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11
Q

attached to rear of the brainstem, fine motor movements, procedural memory: coordinates voluntary movement & balance

A

cerebellum

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12
Q

the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells, wrinkly outer layer of the cerebellum

A

cerebral cortex

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13
Q

the study of brain activity linked with mental activity

A

cognitive neuroscience

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14
Q

band of neural fibers that connects the 2 brain hemispheres together and allows them to communicate

A

corpus callosum

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15
Q

special x-ray equipment that produces multiple images of inside the body and a computer joins them together

A

CT scan

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16
Q

branches off the nerve cell and receives chemical messages coming from other neurons

A

dendrite

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17
Q

records electrical brain activity, electrodes to the outside of the head, brain’s electrical signals traced on paper

A

EEG

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18
Q

a system of glands that secretes hormones into the circulatory system

A

endocrine system

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19
Q

neurotransmitters linked to reduced pain, increased pleasure
hypersensitivity to pain –> TOO MUCH
hypersensitivity to pain –> TOO LITTLE

A

endorphins

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20
Q

functional magnetic resource imaging observe bloodflow in the brain(glucose + oxygen levels) rather than just magnetic fields in a traditional MRI

A

fMRI

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21
Q

deals with abstract thought, emotional control, planning, & judgment control panel of our personality & ability to communicate

A

frontal lobes

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22
Q

non-neuronal cells that provide support & protection for neurons in CNS as well as nutrition outnumber neurons 50:1

A

glial cells

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23
Q

responsible for the formation of memories, processes/stores them, close to emotional centers so memories can be emotional

A

hippocampus

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24
Q

chemical messengers manufactured and secreted by glands

A

hormones

25
Q

regulates the autonomic nervous system and tells the pituitary gland to produce and release hormones

A

hypothalamus

26
Q

internally communicate between sensory inputs and motor outputs

A

interneurons

27
Q

group of brain structures that regulate basic emotions: hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala deals with memories, emotion and drives

A

limbic system

28
Q

non-invasive technique for measuring the magnetic fields generated by electric currents in the brain, accurate resolution of the timing in neuronal activity

A

MEG

29
Q

controls autmatic(involuntary) functions such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, at the base of the brainstem

A

medulla

30
Q

in the DNS, carry outgoing information to muscles and glands in order to initiate action

A

motor(efferent) neurons

31
Q

region of frontal lobe that controls voluntary muscle movement, suppresses animalistic/emotinal parts of the brain

A

motor cortex

32
Q

uses magnetic field and measures radio frequency of waves to show higher resolution images of brain anatomy, no exposure to radioactivity

A

MRI

33
Q

layer of fatty tissue on the axon that protects it and speeds neural impulses

A

myelin sheath

34
Q

bundles of neural axons that extend outside of the brain and spiral cord part of the peripheral nervous system

A

nerves

35
Q

system of nerves, neurons, & chemicals that facilitates communication bach and forth between the world, body, & brain

A

nervous system

36
Q

a nerve cell, the building block of the nervous system, millions of neurons all over the body

A

neuron

37
Q

the chemical messengers that carry messages from one neuron to another

A

neurotransmitters

38
Q

contains visual cortex and processes vision from the opposite eye visual perception and color recognition

A

occipital lobes

39
Q

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body conserving energy

A

parasympathetic nervous system

40
Q

receives + processes incoming touch sensations from the rest of the body, behind the motor cortex

A

parietal lobes

41
Q

the nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body, outside to the brain and the spinal cord

A

peripheral nervous system

42
Q

reads brain consumption of glucose to elevate a variety of conditions including neurological disease

A

PET scan

43
Q

the brain’s ability to change and adapt as a result of an experience, or modify itself in response to change

A

plasticity

44
Q

innate motor responses that are triggered by specific patterns of sensory stimulation

A

reflex

45
Q

recovery time that a neuron needs between action potentials, can’t re-fire must recharge

A

refractory period

46
Q

nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal

A

reticular formation

47
Q

when excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending neuron

A

reuptake

48
Q

in the PNS carrying incoming information from the senses to the CNS

A

sensory neurons(afferent)

49
Q

controls the body’s skeletal muscles for voluntary movements

A

somatic nervous system

50
Q

the sight that registers touch, pressure, temperature & pain in the cerebral cortex

A

somatosensory cortex

51
Q

when the 2 brain hemispheres are not attached by a corpus callosum possible to survive but difficulty with speech, vision, & motor skills

A

split brain

52
Q

the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

A

sympathetic nervous system

53
Q

junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite of the receiving neuron, meet to transfer information

A

synapse

54
Q

process auditory sensory input & is the location of the primary auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area

A

temporal lobes

55
Q

top of brainstem, relay station for incoming/outgoing sensory information(except smell) sends signals tot he correct part of the brain

A

thalamus

56
Q

discovered that a structure in the left frontal lobe controls language production, the structure is known as broca’s area

A

paul broca

57
Q

discovered that a structure in the left temporal lobe controls language comprehension; the structure is known as Wernicke’s area

A

Carl wernicke

58
Q

1981 nobel prize winner for medicine on split brain research

A

roger sperry

59
Q

worked with sperry made important advances in our understanding of functional lateralization in the brain and how the central hemisphere communicates

A

michael gazzinga

AP Psychology (3 decks)

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