Unit 2

Question 1

a neural impluse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon

Answer 1

action potential

Question 2

the strength of a response of a nerve cell or muscle fiber is not dependent upon the strength of the stimulus

Answer 2

All or None Response

Question 3

the center of emotion and motivations, linked to emotion, fear, & aggression tells your body to produce adrenaline

Answer 3

amygdala

Question 4

a molecule that blocks a neurotransmitter’s release

Answer 4

antagonist

Question 5

any area in the cerebral cortex that is not in the motor, sensory, visual, or auditory cortexes: process/integrate information from the senses

Answer 5

association areas

Question 6

controls the glands and the involuntary muscles of internal organs: sympathetic & parasympathetic

Answer 6

autonomic nervous system

Question 7

a long tubular structure in a neuron that transmits action potentials

Answer 7

axon

Question 8

the oldest part and central core of the brain, connects brain and spinal cord, responsible for automatic survival functions

Answer 8

brainstem

Question 9

the part of a neuron that convents oxygen, sugars, and other nutrients into energy, contains nucleus

Answer 9

cell body

Question 10

the brain and the spinal cord, centrally located in the body, communication highway between rest of body and brain

Answer 10

central nervous system

Question 11

attached to rear of the brainstem, fine motor movements, procedural memory: coordinates voluntary movement & balance

Answer 11

cerebellum

Question 12

the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells, wrinkly outer layer of the cerebellum

Answer 12

cerebral cortex

Question 13

the study of brain activity linked with mental activity

Answer 13

cognitive neuroscience

Question 14

band of neural fibers that connects the 2 brain hemispheres together and allows them to communicate

Answer 14

corpus callosum

Question 15

special x-ray equipment that produces multiple images of inside the body and a computer joins them together

Answer 15

CT scan

Question 16

branches off the nerve cell and receives chemical messages coming from other neurons

Answer 16

dendrite

Question 17

records electrical brain activity, electrodes to the outside of the head, brain’s electrical signals traced on paper

Answer 17

EEG

Question 18

a system of glands that secretes hormones into the circulatory system

Answer 18

endocrine system

Question 19

neurotransmitters linked to reduced pain, increased pleasure
hypersensitivity to pain –> TOO MUCH
hypersensitivity to pain –> TOO LITTLE

Answer 19

endorphins

Question 20

functional magnetic resource imaging observe bloodflow in the brain(glucose + oxygen levels) rather than just magnetic fields in a traditional MRI

Answer 20

fMRI

Question 21

deals with abstract thought, emotional control, planning, & judgment control panel of our personality & ability to communicate

Answer 21

frontal lobes

Question 22

non-neuronal cells that provide support & protection for neurons in CNS as well as nutrition outnumber neurons 50:1

Answer 22

glial cells

Question 23

responsible for the formation of memories, processes/stores them, close to emotional centers so memories can be emotional

Answer 23

hippocampus

Question 24

chemical messengers manufactured and secreted by glands

Answer 24

hormones

Question 25

regulates the autonomic nervous system and tells the pituitary gland to produce and release hormones

Answer 25

hypothalamus

Question 26

internally communicate between sensory inputs and motor outputs

Answer 26

interneurons

Question 27

group of brain structures that regulate basic emotions: hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala deals with memories, emotion and drives

Answer 27

limbic system

Question 28

non-invasive technique for measuring the magnetic fields generated by electric currents in the brain, accurate resolution of the timing in neuronal activity

Answer 28

MEG

Question 29

controls autmatic(involuntary) functions such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, at the base of the brainstem

Answer 29

medulla

Question 30

in the DNS, carry outgoing information to muscles and glands in order to initiate action

Answer 30

motor(efferent) neurons

Question 31

region of frontal lobe that controls voluntary muscle movement, suppresses animalistic/emotinal parts of the brain

Answer 31

motor cortex

Question 32

uses magnetic field and measures radio frequency of waves to show higher resolution images of brain anatomy, no exposure to radioactivity

Answer 32

MRI

Question 33

layer of fatty tissue on the axon that protects it and speeds neural impulses

Answer 33

myelin sheath

Question 34

bundles of neural axons that extend outside of the brain and spiral cord part of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 34

nerves

Question 35

system of nerves, neurons, & chemicals that facilitates communication bach and forth between the world, body, & brain

Answer 35

nervous system

Question 36

a nerve cell, the building block of the nervous system, millions of neurons all over the body

Answer 36

neuron

Question 37

the chemical messengers that carry messages from one neuron to another

Answer 37

neurotransmitters

Question 38

contains visual cortex and processes vision from the opposite eye visual perception and color recognition

Answer 38

occipital lobes

Question 39

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body conserving energy

Answer 39

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 40

receives + processes incoming touch sensations from the rest of the body, behind the motor cortex

Answer 40

parietal lobes

Question 41

the nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body, outside to the brain and the spinal cord

Answer 41

peripheral nervous system

Question 42

reads brain consumption of glucose to elevate a variety of conditions including neurological disease

Answer 42

PET scan

Question 43

the brain's ability to change and adapt as a result of an experience, or modify itself in response to change

Answer 43

plasticity

Question 44

innate motor responses that are triggered by specific patterns of sensory stimulation

Answer 44

reflex

Question 45

recovery time that a neuron needs between action potentials, can't re-fire must recharge

Answer 45

refractory period

Question 46

nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal

Answer 46

reticular formation

Question 47

when excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending neuron

Answer 47

reuptake

Question 48

in the PNS carrying incoming information from the senses to the CNS

Answer 48

sensory neurons(afferent)

Question 49

controls the body's skeletal muscles for voluntary movements

Answer 49

somatic nervous system

Question 50

the sight that registers touch, pressure, temperature & pain in the cerebral cortex

Answer 50

somatosensory cortex

Question 51

when the 2 brain hemispheres are not attached by a corpus callosum possible to survive but difficulty with speech, vision, & motor skills

Answer 51

split brain

Question 52

the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations

Answer 52

sympathetic nervous system

Question 53

junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite of the receiving neuron, meet to transfer information

Answer 53

synapse

Question 54

process auditory sensory input & is the location of the primary auditory cortex and Wernicke's area

Answer 54

temporal lobes

Question 55

top of brainstem, relay station for incoming/outgoing sensory information(except smell) sends signals tot he correct part of the brain

Answer 55

thalamus

Question 56

discovered that a structure in the left frontal lobe controls language production, the structure is known as broca's area

Answer 56

paul broca

Question 57

discovered that a structure in the left temporal lobe controls language comprehension; the structure is known as Wernicke's area

Answer 57

Carl wernicke

Question 58

1981 nobel prize winner for medicine on split brain research

Answer 58

roger sperry

Question 59

worked with sperry made important advances in our understanding of functional lateralization in the brain and how the central hemisphere communicates

Answer 59

michael gazzinga