Unit 2 Flashcards by morgan blenden

Period/Series on the Periodic Table

horizontal row

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Groups (families)

vertical columns

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Group 1 are

Alkali Metals

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Group 3 are

Alkaline earth metals

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Group 17 are

Halogens

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Group 18

Noble Gases

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Ionic Radius

distance from nucleus to outermost ion (ionic charges)
- more positive = smaller
- more negative = bigger

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Which is the correct order describing the sizes of these elements?

Y > V > Si > P
P > Si > V > Y
V > Y > P > Si
Y < V < Si < P
P > Si < V > Y

Y > V > Si > P

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Atomic Radius Rules

As we go DOWN a column, the atomic radius INCREASES
As we go ACROSS a period, from left to right, radius DECREASES

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Which is the correct order describing the sizes of these ions?

Mo6+ > Sc3+ > W2+ > Cl- > O2-
Mo6+ < Sc3+ < W2+ < Cl- < O2-
None of these are correct.
Cl- < O2- < Sc3+ < Mo6+ < W2+

Mo6+ < Sc3+ < W2+ < Cl- < O2-

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define elemental state

describes the phase (solid, liquid, gas) and the nature (monatomic, diatomic, polyatomic)

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Monoatomic vs. Diatomic

Mono: one atom in elemental form
Diatomic: two atoms in elemental form

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Name the Diatomic Elements

H2,N2,O2,F2,Cl2, Br2, I 2

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Name the Polyatomic Elements

P4, S8
O3 (both)

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Which of the following are in their elemental states?
N23+(aq)
C(s)
Na+(aq)
P(s)
F2(g)
O(g)

C(s) F2(g)

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Ultimately what determines the order in which the elements on the periodic table are organized?

least massive to most massive.
by increasing atomic number.
by color.
by physical and chemical properties.
by electronegativity.

by increasing atomic number

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define electronegativity

measure of the ability of the atom to attract the electrons when the atom is part of a compound
generally increase from left to right across a period

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Which of the following is/are in its/their elemental state(s)? (Choose all that apply.)
Ca2+(s)
N(g)
Hg(l)
I2(s)
Sb(s)

Hg(l) I2(s) Sb(s)

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Put these in the correct order based on their size: Al3+, As3-, and Cl.
Al3+ < As3- < Cl
As3- < Cl < Al3+
Al3+ < Cl < As3-
Al3+ > As3- > Cl

Al3+ < Cl < As3-

What are indicators of a chemical reaction?

color change
temperature change (hot and cold)
effervescence (bubble/gas)
percipitate formation: cloudy or apaque

define a chemical reaction

expresses a chemical change, new substances with new properties are formed
Ex: hydrogen + oxygen -> water
H2(g) + O2(g) -> H2O(l)

define law of conversion of matter

matter cannot be created or destroyed

Rules for Balancing Equations

Balance atoms other than H or O first. In general, start with the highest mass atom
If the same polyatomic ion appears on both sides of the equation, abalnce the ion as a single unit
balance all non-H/non-O atoms, EXCEPT any that appear as free elements
Balance O and H atoms - starting whichever atom is in the fewer total compounds

Balance: __ C4H10 + __ O2 -> __ 4 CO2 + __ H2O

2 C4H10 + 13 O2 -> 8 4 CO2 + 10 H2O

Balance: __ S + ___HNO3 --> ___H2SO4 + ___NO2 + ___H2O

S + 6 HNO3 --> H2SO4 + 6 NO2 + 2 H2O

2 HCl + ___ CaCO3 --> ___CaCl2 + ___ H2O + __ CO2

Balance: __ NH3 + ____ CuO  ____Cu + ___N2 + ___H2O

2 NH3 + 3 CuO ---> 3 Cu + ___N2 + 3 H2O

Single Replacement Reaction

1 element + 1 ionic compound ex: 2HCL (aq) + F2(g) --> FCL2(aq) + H2(g)

MgCl2(aq) + I2(s) -->

MgI2(aq) + Cl2(g)

CaBr2 + F2 -->

CaF2(s) + Br2(g)

Double Displacement Reaction

2 ionic compounds are exchanged, making two new compounds

CuCl2(aq) + 2 AgNO3(aq)

Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2 AgCl(aq)

Predict the products of this double-replacement equation: BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4(aq) --->

BaSO4(aq) + 2 NaCl(aq)

Combustion/Synthesis Reaction

1 product, produces a single substance from multiple reactants

2H2 (g) + O2 (g) --->

2H2O (ℓ)

Decomposition Reaction

1 reactant that decomposes into more things

2NaHCO3 (s) ---->

Na2CO3 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (ℓ)

Neutralization

the reaction of an acid and a base; produces water and a salt

HCl(aq) + KOH(aq) --->

H2O(ℓ) + KCl(aq)

HNO3(aq) and Ba(OH)2(aq) ---->

2 HNO3(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) ---> 2 H2O(l) + Ba(NO3)2(aq)

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction (redox)

“redox” reaction, atoms are rearranged in such way to create new chemicals but the number of electrons per atom also shift from one atom to another

Describe Oxidation & Oxidant

- oxygen is added or hydrogen is removed - oxidant: chemicals that add oxygen to other stuff (or remove hydrogen)

Describe Reduction & Reductant

- reduction: oxygen is removed/reduced or hydrogen is added - reductant: chemicals that remove oxygen from other stuff (or add hydrogen)

Which reactions are redox?

all but double displacememt

What are the two types of double replacement reactions?

- precipitation reaction: solid is formed as a product - neutralization reaction: water is formed