Unit 2

Question 1

Explain the intellectual, social, economic and political conditions in which modern sociology emerged

Question 2

explain the driving ideas of the Enlightenment era

Question 3

explain the American and French revolutions as providing foundational contributions to organising modern nation-states

Question 4

describe the changes the Industrial Revolution made to economic and social organisation

Question 5

describe the consequences of European exploration, colonialism and imperialism and encounters with people on other continents

Answer 5

Europeans left a fixed representation of the racial and cultural differences of the people they encountered as being inferior to them.

Question 6

who were the two premier Europeans of time who influenced emerging scholarly understanding of possibility of different races and reasons for their respective different levels of social development?

Answer 6

Immanuel Kant and Georg WF Hegel

Question 7

what was installed after the revolution?

Answer 7

the National Assembly was installed after the revolution, produced an important document, “ the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen”.

> it sets off further revolutions in Europe against monarchical rule towards republican government.

Question 8

define declaration (that was installed)

Answer 8

a central statement of the idea of individual rights > liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression (Kramnick 1995:467)

Question 9

define science

Question 10

define Enlightenment

Answer 10

1. Intellectual revolutions rooted in a movement.
2. is a movement across European countries which encouraged an intellectual rebellion against centuries of religious domination, particularly the Catholic church, over the production of knowledge and peoples understanding of natural and social world.

Question 11

define French Revolution of 1789

Question 12

define American revolution of 1776

Answer 12

a rebellion of colonial settlers against the monarchical rulers of the land of their own origin, Britain, and installed a republican government based on Enlightenment ideals of freedom, individual rights, human equality, democracy and new systems of the government to replace monarchical rule.

Question 13

define Industrial revolution

Question 14

define imperialism

Question 15

define colonialism

Question 16

define secularisation

Answer 16

the removal of gods and supernatural forces in explanations

Question 17

define rationalisation

Answer 17

the way in which people use innovative scientific ways to gain knowledge about themselves, about the world, calculating outcomes about different lines of action and making the world a predictable place.