Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Echocardiography I > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Normal flow for Mitral Valve

A

.6 - 1.3 m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal flow for tricuspid valve

A

.3 - .7 m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Normal flow for pulmonary artery

A

.6 - .9 m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Normal flow for LVOT

A

.7 - 1.1 m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Normal flow for aortic valve

A

1.0 - 1.7 m/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is MV flow obtained from?

A

Apical 4 chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of flow does the mitral valve display?

A

biphasic flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the TV flow obtained from?

A

Apical 4 chamber, RV inflow, Parasternal short at AO valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of flow does the tricuspid valve display?

A

biphasic flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is aortic valve flow taken from?

A

apical 5 chamber, subcostal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the pulmonic valve flow taken from?

A

parasternal short at AO valve, pulmonary artery outflow tract, subcostal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is different in the LA and the LV in mitral stenosis?

A

There is an increased gradient. LA pressure is increased causing pulmonary hypertension.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What must you check if a patient has mitral stenosis?

A

RVSP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What physical symptoms might someone have with mitral stenosis?

A

Sleeping on two pillows at night because their heart rate drops and blood backs up into the pulmonary system causing a dry cough in the morning. (PHTN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When might you see hockey stick leaflets of the mitral valve?

A

Rheumatic mitral stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the four things noted in m-mode if someone has mitral stenosis? Which is most important?

A
  1. Thickened leaflets
  2. Decreased E-F slope
  3. Anterior movement of the PMVL
  4. LA enlargement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is planimetry of the MV orifice?

A

Measuring the orifice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In Doppler, the MV normally looks like an M. What does an abnormal (stenotic) MV look like/ what characteristics does it have?

A

Looks like a trapezoid. It has spectral broadening and a persistent gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is pressure half time?

A

The amount of time it takes the initial peak pressure gradient to fall to one half its original pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

If a patient’s MV mean gradient is between 5-10 they have what type of stenosis?

A

Moderate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the pulmonary artery pressure for someone with moderate MS?

A

30-50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the valve area for someone with moderate MS?

A

1.0 - 1.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does color flow Doppler look like for someone with mitral stenosis?

A

Candle flow, aliased flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why would a stress Doppler be used for MS?

A

Exercise increased volume of the heart. This will increase the mean gradient and the RVSP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does mitral stenosis with smoke in the left atrium indicate?
precursor for clot formation with an organized clot in the LAA
26
What is a bicuspid aortic valve?
2 cusps
27
What might someone with a bicuspid aortic valve experience in the first 5-7 decades of their life?
Early calcification of their leaflets
28
50% of people with bicuspid aortic valves have what condition as well?
coarctation of the descending aorta
29
How might the leaflets of the aorta look with someone who has aortic stenosis?
Doming
30
What is the hemodynamics of aortic stenosis?
Rise in LV pressure, LVP overload, LVH, rise in LVEDP, rise in LA pressure, eventually it will lead to LV systolic dysfunction
31
What are some 2-D findings for someone with aortic stenosis?
Thickened leaflets, systolic/diastolic doming, how many cusps, dilated AO root, LV systolic and diastolic function, concentric LVH, co-existing lesions
32
Normal pressure gradient flow for the aortic valve?
.7 - 1.9 m/sec
33
What level of AS does a patient have if their pressure gradient is 3 - 4 m/sec
Moderate
34
When do we use the Bernoulli equation?
To convert velocity to a pressure gradient
35
What is the Bernoulli equation?
4(V2)squared - 4(V1)squared
36
What is different with Echo and Cath gradients?
Echo measures peak instantaneous and Cath measure peak to peak. Echo will be higher so we compare the MEAN gradient from both
37
What do V1 and V2 represent?
V1 is pre-aorta (outflow tract) and V2 is in the aorta
38
What is the formula for A2 or the AVA?
(Area1 x velocity 1) divided by velocity 2
39
Tricuspid flow and Mitral flow are seen in what cardiac phase? (same as stenosis)
Diastole
40
Tricuspid flow and Mitral flow are seen above or below the baseline? (same as stenosis)
Above
41
Tricuspid/mitral regurgitation are seen in what cardiac phase?
Systole
42
Tricuspid/mitral regurgitation are seen above or below the baseline?
Below
43
The pulmonic and aortic valve, normal flow, is seen in what cardiac phase?
systole
44
The pulmonic and aortic valve, normal flow, is seen above or below the baseline?
Below
45
The pulmonic and aortic valve, regurgitation, is seen in what cardiac phase?
diastole
46
The pulmonic and aortic valve, regurgitation, is seen above or below the baseline?
above
47
Higher frequencies mean _________ wavelengths
Smaller
48
Lower frequencies mean ___________ wavelengths
higher
49
Doppler tracings must be ____________ to flow
parallel
50
What is the Doppler shift? (Doppler equation)
Cos0 is 0 degrees = 1 90 degrees = 0 (as the denominator)
51
Mild mitral stenosis will have __________ gradient during ____________
persistent gradient diastasis
52
Severe mitral stenosis will have ___________ gradient
high
53
The higher the _____________ in the LA the lower the ___________
pressure, velocity
54
respirations do not play a role in _____ or ______ but do with _________
MS or MR, Tricuspid regurgitation
55
Pressure 1/2 time in the MVA is under what number?
220
56
Pressure 1/2 time in the TVA is under what number?
190
57
Pulmonic stenosis has a _______ velocity with a _______________________
low, diastolic shelf
58
How can you tell the difference in AI and MS?
AI peaks early and reaches higher velocities. Peaks during the IV times. MS not as high as 3.0 and only occurs when the MV is open.
59
In stenosis, the chamber ________ the valve will be ______ and have a ____________
behind dilated pressure overload
60
Echo uses ________ gradients but Cath uses _____________. Use the __________ for both.
peak instantaneous peak to peak mean gradient
61
AOV uses ____________. MV uses ______________.
Peak Mean
62
What kind of murmur is heard with AS?
systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur
63
What kind of murmur is heard with MS?
diastolic rumble. not loud. decrescendo-crescendo
64
What is the continuity equation?
LVOTD^2 x .785 x LVOTTVI
65
What is the AVA equation?
LVOTD^2 x .785 x LVOTTVI/ AOVTVI (V2)

Echocardiography I (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions