Unit 2

Question 1

the outermost structure of bacterial cell

Answer 1

cell envelope

Question 2

complex structure that forms the two “wrappers” - the cell wall and the cell membrane

Answer 2

cell envelope

Question 4

maintain the shape of the cell

Answer 4

cell wall

Question 5

primary target of antimicrobial agents

Answer 5

cell wall

Question 6

composed of very thick and rigid peptidoglycan layer

Answer 6

gram positive cell walls

Question 7

contains techoic acids

Answer 7

gram positive cell walls

Question 8

the outer membrane of gram negative cell wall is separated by a gap, called the __________.

Answer 8

periplasm

Question 9

provides a barrier to detergents

Answer 9

outer membrane

Question 10

the inner half of outer membrane contains _____________

Answer 10

phospolipids

Question 11

the outer half of outer membrane contains _____________

Answer 11

lipopolysaccharide

Question 12

unique proteins that is found in outer membrane

Answer 12

porins

Question 13

have a gram positivce cell wall structures containing a waxy layer of glycolipids and fatty acids bound to the exterior of the cell wal

Answer 13

acid-fast cell wall

Question 14

Example of acid-fast cell wall

Answer 14

mycobacterium and nocardia

Question 15

also known as plasma membrane

Answer 15

cell membrane

Question 16

breaks down nutrients and produce ATP

Answer 16

cell membrane

Question 17

the substance of the cell inside the plasma

Answer 17

cytoplasm

Question 18

a semifluid mass of proteins, amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, salts, vitamins, and ions

Answer 18

cytosol

Question 19

this contains bacterial chromosome

Answer 19

nucleoloid

Question 20

houses extra chromosomes

Answer 20

plasmid

Question 21

self-replicating cellular structure

Answer 21

plasmid

Question 22

responsible for the production of B-lactamases

Answer 22

large plasmid

Question 23

resistant to tetracyclines and chloramphenicol

Answer 23

small plasmid

Question 24

site for protein synthesis

Answer 24

ribosomes

Question 25

reserve deposits

Answer 25

inclusions

Question 26

reserve for inorganic phospate

Answer 26

metachromatic granules

Question 27

consists of glycogen and starch

Answer 27

polysaccharide granules

Question 28

contains ribulose 1.5-diphospate carboxylase (enzyme)

Answer 28

carboxysomes

Question 29

hollow cavities

Answer 29

gas vacuoles

Question 30

structure that helps cells maintain their shape

Answer 30

cytoskeleton

Question 31

the process of spore formation

Answer 31

sporogenesis

Question 32

end of spore's dominant stage

Answer 32

germination

Question 33

discovered that there are bacteria that withstand boiling of heat

Answer 33

ferdinand cohn

Question 34

heat resistant structures

Answer 34

endospores

Question 35

protects agains desiccation

Answer 35

glycocalyx

Question 36

organ of locomotion

Answer 36

flagella

Question 37

long outermost region of flagella

Answer 37

filament

Question 38

where the filament of flagella is attached

Answer 38

hook

Question 39

anchors the flagellum to the cell wall

Answer 39

basal body

Question 40

atrichous

Answer 40

no flagella

Question 41

surrounds the bacterial cell

Answer 41

peritrichous

Question 42

monotrichous

Answer 42

one flagella

Question 43

lophotrichous

Answer 43

single pole

Question 44

amphitrichous

Answer 44

both poles

Question 45

ability of an organism to move

Answer 45

motility

Question 46

bacteria going in 1 direction

Answer 46

true motility

Question 47

bacteria bounces back and forth rapidly

Answer 47

brownian movement

Question 48

the movement of a bacterium toward or away from a particular stimulus

Answer 48

taxis

Question 49

genetic transfer or conjugation process

Answer 49

sex pili

Question 50

size of bacteria

Answer 50

0.2 - 2.1 mm in diameter and 2-8 mm in length

Question 51

largest bacterium known

Answer 51

Thiomargarita namibiensis

Question 52

size of cocci

Answer 52

0.5-1.0 mm

Question 53

remains in parts after dividing (cocci)

Answer 53

diplococci

Question 54

divides and remain attached in chain-like patterns (cocci)

Answer 54

streptococci

Question 55

divide in two planes and remains in group of 4 (cocci)

Answer 55

tetrads

Question 56

divide into 3 planes and remain attached in cubelike groups of 8 (cocci)

Answer 56

sarcinae

Question 57

divide into multiple planes and form grapelike clusters (cocci)

Answer 57

staphylococci

Question 58

rod -shaped bacterium

Answer 58

bacilli

Question 59

size of bacilli

Answer 59

1-10 um in length by 0.3-1.0 um in width

Question 60

pairs after division (bacilli)

Answer 60

diplobacilli

Question 61

appears in chains (bacilli)

Answer 61

steptrobacilli

Question 62

oval and look so much like cocci (bacilli)

Answer 62

coccobacilli

Question 63

tapered, pointed ends (bacilli)

Answer 63

fusiform

Question 64

have one or more twists and never straight (bacteria)

Answer 64

spiral bacteria

Question 65

bacteria that look like curved rods

Answer 65

vibrio

Question 66

have a helical shape

Answer 66

spirilla

Question 67

helical and flexible, has endoflagella and using actual filaments

Answer 67

spirochete