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unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

4 big regions with 2/3 of world population

A

south Asia
east Asia
south east Asia
Europe

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2
Q

Where do people tend to settle?
why?

A

people settle near oceans, freshwater, rivers, and fertile soil.
people need food and water to live

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3
Q

where do people want to live and why?

A

people gravitate toward places with economic opportunities, political stability, cultural preferences

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4
Q

where do people NOT want to live? why?

A

place that are too dry (difficult to grow crops), too wet (difficult for crops, soil because too saturated), too cold , too high (are difficult to live in and don’t have necessary resources ), too hot,

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5
Q

environmental possibilism

A

when we modify or change the environment to make less hospitable areas more hospitable.

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6
Q

population density
vs.
population distribution

A

population density is the amount of people in a area
population distribution is the spread of people in an area

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7
Q

arithmetic density

A

total population/total amount of land

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8
Q

physiological density

A

total population/total arable land

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9
Q

agricultural density

A

amount of farmers/total arable land

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10
Q

demography

A

study of population

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11
Q

ecumene land

A

habitable land on Earth

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12
Q

factors that affect population distribution and density

A

climate, landforms, bodies of water

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13
Q

Positive environmental factors of why people settle there

A

flat lying
fertile soil
easy access to bodies of water
temperate climate

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14
Q

other factors why people settle/move

A

Economical- good jobs, stable economy, resources
Social- religion, history, healthcare, society
Political- laws, rights, voting, military, forced or voluntary migration

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15
Q

Economic consequences of population density

A

lots of population density — poverty rates increase
population increases — more diverse jobs and wage increases

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16
Q

Social consequences of population density (religion)

A

religion population will increases as there is more youth
typically smaller families comit less crime if under age 25
population increases more ethnic diversity more community

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17
Q

Political consequences of population density

A

more populated areas tend to vote democrats
less populated more rural areas tend to vote republicans

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18
Q

eNvironmental consequences of population density

A

rising populatoin leads to more trash in the ocean, more contribution to pollution.
air pollution increases
resources decrease
MORE PEOPLE=MORE POLLUTION

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19
Q

population pyramids show
weakness?

A

structure of population. Male on left female on right
Don’t show disabled people or gender.

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20
Q

dependency ratio

A

number of dependent people : number of working age people

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21
Q

high dependent age group outcomes Economical
country examples

A

more jobs less people to work. more people that need to be supported economically.
EX: japan, niger

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22
Q

high dependent age group outcomes Social

A

more community work being done
more people to take care of children/ family
society might become less progressive
less focus on education/ infrastructure

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23
Q

high dependent age group outcomes Political

A

less diverse opinions more people think similarly there might be less conflict
military needs are harder to meet
more voters
less representation of younger people in government
less understanding of younger priorities (global warming)

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24
Q

sex ratio

A

males:females /100
less than 100 means more females
more than 100 means more males

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25
Why would there be more men/women in a society?
more men because of -male immigration for work -women are discriminated against -female death during child-birth more women because of -men take more jobs with higher risks -men are more likely to join military
26
standard biological level (sex ration)
105:100 more males being born than females
27
CBR TFR
Crude Birth Rate=births/1000 yr. Total Fertility Rate= avrg. # of children/1 woman
28
Mortality life expectancy CDR IMR
life expectancy= avgr. # of yrs. someone lives Crude Death Rate = deaths/1000 yr. Infant Mortality Rate= amount of children under the age of 1 that die This is linked to countries's development (healthcare, nutrition)
29
NIR
Natural Increase Rate / rate of natural increase CBR-CDR/10=increase
30
PGR more accurate?
population growth rate Briths-death + immigration-emmigration more accurate because counts immigrants
31
doubling time
how long it would take for the countries's population to double
32
1750 population peak because
agricultural revolution industrial revolution urbanization healthcare
33
today, where is the most population growth located?
today, most population growth is in less developed countries Asia Africa
34
Why would a population increase or decrease Economically?
+ affordable healthcare + economic stability +economic assistance + sanitation, water -women spend more time working -costly healthcare -less space in big cities
35
Why would a population increase or decrease social?
+traditional gender roles +good community cultural expectations -gender equality /choice -work
36
Why would a population increase or decrease political?
+paid maternity leaves +government incentives + pro natalist policies laws dictating how many children you can have (china one child policy) -abortion laws, birth control availability, contraceptives -genocide, war, violence -anti natalist polocies
37
Why would a population increase or decrease eNvironmental?
+more freshwater +finding more resources +healthy soil -limited resources ➡ overuse -natural disasters (drought, famine) -disease
38
Thomas Malthus
lived in England in 1700s during industrial revolution. published an essay on principles of population growth. 'Food grows arithmetically population grows exponentially' he blames poor people for over population
39
Malthusian theory
the world will become over populated and exceed it's carrying capacity
40
carrying capacity
the maximum number of people, animals or crops an area can support.
41
malthusian catastrophe
population will exceed carrying capacity resulting in famine, disease, war and the eventual destruction of society
42
Demographic Transition model stage 1 characteristics
High CDR High CBR leading to a low NIR society lacking sanitation, meditation, contraceptives. Agriculutral base society. No more countries in this stage.
43
subsistence agriculture
any type of farming were almost all crop raised are used by the farmer and their family.
44
demographic transition model stage 2 characteristics EX
due to the industrial revolution countries moved into this stage. Europe and North America were the first ones to move into stage. high CBR dropping CDR (and IMR) leads to rising population. Increases knowledge about medicine, improvement agricultural production. Urbanization, emigration EX Afghanistan
45
enclosure movement
time period when small farms were combined into larger farms. Land transitioned from community owned to privately owned.
46
secondary sector Example
activities that take materials of raw value to manufacture or produce something of greater value. EX construction worker
47
emigration
the act of moving out of a country permanently to settle in a different country.
48
DTM stage 3
decr. CBR continuously decr.CDR still growing population ppl. don't have space or need for larger families. medical advancements lead to higher life expectancy and decr. IMR Cultural changes (gender roles) women getting more rights. Less emigration more immigration. ppl don't leave when good economy. slowing growth
49
tertiary sector EXample
activities that provide a service for other individuals EX lawyer
50
DTM stage 4 Examples
low CDR low CBR leading to a flat NIR, stationary NIR zero cultural change, more economic roles for women getting education and career lead to having kids later therefore smaller families. More intra-regional migration. might encounter Z.P.G. Decr. TFR EX U.S. China box shaped pop. pyramid.
51
Z.P.G
zero population growth
52
disposable income
income individuals have after taxes and other mandatory charges.
53
anti-natalist policies pro-natalist policies
policies to decr. societies birth rate policies to incr. societies birth rate
54
DTM stage 5 EXamples
Negative NIR birth rate goes below death rate. EX japan, Germany. Maturity of pop. is older.
55
in order for country to grow, they need an TFR of over _____.
TFR of over 2.1 to have incr. NIR
56
replacement rate
if TFR under 2.1 the pop. will decr. over time
57
epidemiological model purpose
to better understand the causes of death for each stage of DTM
58
epidemiological transition model stage 1
pestilence, famine, and death -parasitic diseases -infectious diseases -animal attacks -pandemics -epidemics -food shortage -dirty water
59
epidemic
disease that spreads through a region or community
60
pandemic
disease that spreads through multiple regions, countries or globally
61
endemic
disease that stays in a particular area doesn't spread through community
62
epidemiological transition model stage 2
less deaths and receding pandemics -improved standard of living -increases food production -more nutritious food -improvements in sanitation
63
epidemiological transition model stage 3
degenerative diseases -a disease that continues to get worse over time -heart attacks -cancer
64
epidemiological transition model stage 4
fighting degenerative diseases -medical advancements delay degenerative diseases -longer life expectancy -improve diets and lifestyle choices
65
epidemiological transition model stage 5
reemergence of infectious diseases causes: -evolution of diseases -incr. rate of urbanization and poverty -globalization
66
what causes a country to shift between stages of the DTM?
Changes in CBR and CDR Economical and social factors

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