Unit 2 Flashcards
Population distribution
The pattern of human settlement - spread of people across the Earth
Population concentration
How close together or far apart people are
Population density: arithmetic
The amount of people per unit area of all land
Population density: physiological
Number of people per unit area of arable land
Population density: agricultural
The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable land
Population composition
The elements of a population (such as age, sex, ethnicity) that may be mapped and graphed at various scales
Age-sex composition / structure
The composition of a population as determined by the number or proportion of males and females in each age category
Population pyramids
A graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population
Demographic factors
Things which determine population growth and decline, such as fertility, mortality, and migration
Fertility rate
The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years
Mortality rate
The % of people who die during a set time in a specific area or country; e.g. infant mortality rate
Infant mortality rate
The % of infants who die in a set time in a specific area or country
Rate of natural increase
The difference between the number of births and number of deaths within a specific country; can be positive or negative
Population doubling times
Time period required for a population experiencing exponential growth to double in size completely
Zero population growth
The population neither increase nor decrease since the number of births equals the number of deaths
Overpopulation
The condition of having an excessive amount of people in a set area.
Demographic transition model
A geographic model that describes the process of change in a society’s population; it explains the sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time
Malthusian theory
Thomas Malthus created the theory that claims that population grows at an exponential rate while food production increases arithmetically, and thereby that, eventually, population would outpace food production
Epidemiologic transition model
A geographic model that describes the process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition model
Pro-natalist
A belief that promotes reproduction of sentient life
Anti-natalist
A philosophical position that assigns a negative value to birth
Aging population
Is an increasing median age in the population of a region due to declining fertility rates and/or rising life expectancy
Crude birth rate
The number of live births per year per 1,000 people
Crude death rate
The number of deaths per year per 1,000 people
