Unit 3

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

All of a group’s learned behaviors, actions, beliefs, and objects

Question 2

Cultural traits

Answer 2

Elements of culture that can be both visible and invisible

Question 3

Cultural complex

Answer 3

A series of interrelated traits

Question 4

Cultural hearth

Answer 4

The area in which a unique culture or a specific trait develops

Question 5

Taboos

Answer 5

Behaviors heavily discouraged by a culture

Question 6

Traditional culture

Answer 6

Passing down long-held beliefs, values, and practices and are generally resistant to rapid changes in their culture

Question 7

Popular culture

Answer 7

When cultural traits spread quickly over a large area and are adopted by various groups

Question 8

Material culture

Answer 8

Tangible things that include artifacts

Question 9

Nonmaterial culture

Answer 9

Intangible concepts, or those that do not have a physical presence. Includes mentifacts

Question 10

Cultural landscape

Answer 10

Built environment; The modification of the environment by a group and is a visible reflection of that group’s cultural beliefs and values

Question 11

Ethnicity

Answer 11

Membership within a group of people who have common experiences and share similar characteristics, such as ancestry, language, customs, and history

Question 12

Ethnic Enclaves

Answer 12

Clusters of people of the same culture that are often surrounded by people of the dominant culture in the region

Question 13

Cultural regions

Answer 13

Regions determined based on characteristics such as religion, language, and ethnicity

Question 14

Culture realms

Answer 14

Larger areas that include several regions with a few culture traits they all share

Question 15

Sacred places

Answer 15

Specific places and natural features that have religious significance

Question 16

Culture hearth

Answer 16

Where a religion or ethnicity began

Question 17

Ethnocentric

Answer 17

People that believe their own cultural group is more important and superior to other cultures

Question 18

Cultural relativism

Answer 18

The concept that a person’s or group’s beliefs, values, norms, and practices should be understood from the perspective of the other group’s culture

Question 19

Cultural Appropriation

Answer 19

The action of adopting traits, icons, or other elements of another culture

Question 20

Diffusion

Answer 20

The spread of information, ideas, behaviors, and other aspects of culture from their hearths to wider areas

Question 21

Relocation diffusion

Answer 21

The spread of culture and/or cultural traits by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them

Question 22

Expansion diffusion

Answer 22

The spread of cultural traits outward through exchange without migration

Question 23

Contagious diffusion

Answer 23

When a cultural trait spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people

Question 24

Hierarchical diffusion

Answer 24

The spread of culture outward from the most interconnected places or from centers of wealth and influence

Question 25

Reverse hierarchical diffusion

Answer 25

A trait diffuses to a group of higher status

Question 26

Stimulus diffusion

Answer 26

When an underlying idea from a culture hearth is adopted by another culture but the adopting group modifies or rejects one trait

Question 27

Lingua Franca

Answer 27

A common language used by people who do not share the same native language

Question 28

Pidgin language

Answer 28

A simplified mixture of two languages

Question 29

Creole language

Answer 29

Overtime, as two or more separate languages can mix and develop a more formal structure and vocabulary they create a new combined language

Question 30

Social constructs

Answer 30

Ideas, concepts, or perceptions that have been created and accepted by people in a society or social group and are not created by nature

Question 31

Cultural divergance

Answer 31

The idea that a culture may change over time as the elements of distance, time, physical separation, and modern technology create divisions and changes

Question 32

Language tree

Answer 32

The relationship among language families that suggests how several languages are related to each other, as well as how one language grows out of another

Question 33

Indo-European language family

Answer 33

A large group of languages that might have descended from a language spoken around 6,000 years ago

Question 34

Dialects

Answer 34

Variations in accent, grammar usage, and spelling; regional variations of a language

Question 35

Official language

Answer 35

A language designated by law to be the language of the government

Question 36

Ethnic religions

Answer 36

Belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers. Followers are born or adopted into it

Question 37

Universal religions

Answer 37

Actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnic backgrounds

Question 38

Hinduism

Answer 38

An ethnic religion that originated in India

Question 39

Buddhism

Answer 39

A universalizing religion that originated in India

Question 40

Sikhism

Answer 40

A relatively new universalizing religion that originated in India and Pakistan

Question 41

Judaism

Answer 41

An ethnic religion that began in the Middle East. The first of the Abrahamic religions

Question 42

Christianity

Answer 42

An Abrahamic universalizing religion that began with the teachings of Jesus

Question 43

Islam

Answer 43

An Abrahamic universalizing religion that began with teachings from a series of prophets with Muhammad being the last

Question 44

Accultaration

Answer 44

When an ethnic or immigrant group moving to a new area adopts the values and practices of the larger group that has received them while still maintaining valuable elements of their own culture

Question 45

Assimilation

Answer 45

Happens when an ethnic group can no longer be distinguished from the receiving group

Question 46

Syncretism

Answer 46

The fusion or blending of two distinctive cultural traits into a unique new hybrid trait

Question 47

Multiculturism

Answer 47

The coexistence of several cultures in one society with the ideal of all cultures being valued and worthy of study

Question 48

Nativism

Answer 48

Anti-immigrant attitudes