Unit 2

Question 1

Chemical structure of water

Answer 1

H2O - 2 hydrogen, one oxygen

Question 2

Water polarity

Answer 2

H2O is a polar molecule, that can dissolve other polar molecules, it bonds with other chemicals making it stick to other things.

Question 3

Water density- why is it important

Answer 3

Ice or cold water is less dense than water causing the ice to flat on top protecting the animals

Question 4

Water as a universal solvent - and why is it important

Answer 4

Because of waters polarity it is the universal solvent, it dissolves chemicals, excess nutrients, minerals and waste and it spreads out toxins, good but harder to clean out of water

Question 5

Water high melting point - why important

Answer 5

Water remains liquid over wide range of temps, important because it prevent temperature pollution and freezing over

Question 6

Water high heat capacity - why important

Answer 6

Water can absorb heat without too much change preventing temperature pollution

Question 7

Cooling effect of evaporation-why important

Answer 7

Evaporated heat - cools down water

Question 8

Water cycle

Answer 8

Evapurates- condensation - perception- runoff

Question 9

What % of earth’s surface is covered in water

Answer 9

75%

Question 10

What % of earths water is salt water

Answer 10

98%

Question 11

What % of earths water is easily accessible to humans

Answer 11

Less than 1%

Question 12

Where is most freshwater found

Answer 12

Glaciers
Underground

Question 13

How is oil formed

Answer 13

Aquatic organisms decay and sediment develops over them the pressure create kerogen, then the heat from the earths mantle turns the kerogen into hydrocarbon carbons creating oil

Question 14

Dangers of oil spills

Answer 14

Creates smog

Covers animals in oil causing them to die because they are unable to control body temp

Question 15

Methods for cleaning oil spills

Answer 15

Vaccunes: industrial vaccines that suction oil from the shore
Booms- barriers that contain spread of oil spills

Question 16

what are heavy metals + a few examples

Answer 16

Naturally occurring metallic elements

Ex- iron, zinc, lead, mercury

Question 17

Primary way lead gets into our water sources

Answer 17

Lead Pipes

Question 18

What lead to flint MI water crisis - 2014

Answer 18

Switched water source from Delaware’s water to flint river. The river water was not treated and ended up breaking down the lead pipes leaving lead in the water supply poisoning the town

Question 19

What is thermal pollution

Answer 19

Lower water qualities caused by water temp changes

Question 20

Primary causes of thermal pollution

Answer 20

Industrial cooling systems dumping back warm water

Soil erosion

Deforestation

Question 21

Environmental impacts of thermal pollution

Answer 21

Harms aquatic animals

Warm water prenotes growth of harmful bacteria

Worsens air a quality

Question 22

What is a water borne pathogen

Answer 22

Microorganisms that contaminate water sources and harms humans and animals

Question 23

Major causes of water-borne pathogens

Answer 23

Waste run off
Septic tank leakage
Improper waste disposal

Question 24

Ways to limit/prevent water-born pathogen diseases

Answer 24

Better water treatment systems

Water quality monitoring

Wastewater management

Question 25

What is particulate matter

Answer 25

Tiny particles of substances suspended in water

Question 26

Bioaccumulation - why is it bad for animals at top of the food chain

Answer 26

Build up of toxic chemicals in an animals body Species top of the food chain consume other contaminated organisms/animals meaning their bioaccumulation grows faster

Question 27

Great pacific garbage patch - what is it, what’s it mostly made of

Answer 27

A large area in the Pacific Ocean full of trash and plastic made of mostly micro plastics

Question 28

Why is the great pacific garbage patch so hard to clean up

Answer 28

Because the micro plastic are so small they are hard to clean up

Question 29

What does PFAS stand for

Answer 29

Per - and polyfluoroalkyl substances

Question 30

Why are PFAS known as “forever chemicals”

Answer 30

Don’t break down because of the chemical structure

Question 31

Why are PFAS found in so many things?

Answer 31

Water & stain resistant -and non-stick items Used in clothing, food packaging, cooking wear and firefighting foam

Question 32

Role of PFAs, DuPont and 3M in the environmental and human health disaster in Parkersburg, west virgins

Answer 32

3M - major producer and seller of PFAS Dupont - produces PFAS and dumped waste into Parkersburg’s land, water and air - PFAS causes animal deaths, human health issues

Question 33

Health risk with exposure to PFAS

Answer 33

Developmental issues in children Liver damage Increased risk of cancer

Question 34

Primary nutrients that lead to nutrient pollution

Answer 34

Nitrogen Phosphorus

Question 35

Main sources of nutrient pollution

Answer 35

Runoff from farms Wastewater Industrial waste

Question 36

Dead zones - what are they and how are they formed

Answer 36

Zones Where there is no dissolved oxygen causes by decaying algae blooms formed through eutrophication

Question 37

Eutrophication

Answer 37

Excess nutrients cause algae blooms - algae die and decompose, consuming oxygen - oxygen depletion leads to dead fish and “dead zones”

Question 38

Additional negative effects or nutrient pollution

Answer 38

Disruption of aquatic food webs Loss of bio diversity in affected eco systems