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Anatomy 3300 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

(229 cards)

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1
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebral column, and bones of thorax

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2
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

lower and upper limbs

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3
Q

how many vertebrae in the vertebral column?

A

33

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4
Q

primary curve

A

thoracic and sacrococcygeal

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5
Q

secondary curve

A

cervical and lumbar

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6
Q

kyphosis

A

exaggerated posterior curve of thoracic region

“hunchback”

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7
Q

lordosis

A

exaggerated anterior curve of lumbar region

- common in pregnant women

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8
Q

scoliosis

A

a lateral curve of lumbar or thoracic region

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9
Q

true ribs

A

ribs 1-7

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10
Q

false ribs

A

ribs 8-10

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11
Q

floating ribs

A

11 and 12

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12
Q

C1

A

atlas

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13
Q

C2

A

axis

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14
Q

special feature of axis?

A

dens

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15
Q

special feature of atlas?

A

NO body!

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16
Q

special feature of thoracic vertebrae?

A

facets for ribs

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17
Q

special feature of cervical vertebrae?

A

transverse foramina

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18
Q

special feature of lumbar vertebrae?

A

large body

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19
Q

deep back muscles

A

erector spinae

  • from lateral to medial*
  • iliocostalis
  • longissimus
  • spinalis
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20
Q

deep back muscles - inn.

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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21
Q

pectoral girdle

A

scapula and clavicle

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22
Q

bones of upper limb

A 
humerus
radius
ulna
8 carpals
5 metacarpals
14 phalanges
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23
Q

retraction

A

scapula moves posteriorly

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24
Q

protraction

A

scapula moves anteriorly

“hug”

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25
elevation
scapula moves superiorly | "shrug shoulders"
26
depression
scapula moves inferiorly
27
supination
palms up
28
pronation
palms down
29
posterior axioappendicular muscles
``` trapezius levator scapulae rhomboid major rhomboid minor latissimus dorsi ```
30
trapezius - origin
nuchal ligament, spinous process of C1-T12
31
trapezius - insertion
spine, acromion, and lateral 1/3 of clavicle
32
trapezius - action
elevation, retraction, and depression of the scapula
33
trapezius - inn.
spinal accessory n. | CN XI
34
levator scapulae - origin
transverse process of C1-4
35
levator scapulae - insertion
superior medial scapula
36
levator scapulae - action
elevation of scapula
37
levator scapulae - inn.
dorsal scapular n.
38
rhomboid major/minor - origin
spinous processes of C7-T5
39
rhomboid major/minor - insertion
medial scapula
40
rhomboid major/minor - action
retraction of the scapula
41
rhomboid major/minor - inn.
dorsal scapular n.
42
latissimus dorsi - origin
spinous processes of T7-12, iliac crest, and thoracolumbar fascia
43
latissimus dorsi - insertion
intertuburcular groove (humerus)
44
latissimus dorsi - action
extension, ADduction, and medial rotation of the arm
45
latissimus dorsi - inn.
thoracodorsal n.
46
anterior axioappendicular muscles
serratus anterior pectorals major pectoralis minor
47
serratus anterior - origin
ribs 1-8
48
serratus anterior - insertion
anterior/medial scapula
49
serratus anterior - action
protracts scapula/hold scapula to the body
50
serratus anterior - inn.
long thoracic n.
51
pectoralis major - origin
ribs 2-6 sternum medial 1/2 of the clavicle
52
pectoralis major - insertion
crest of the greater tubercle
53
pectoralis major - action
medial rotation and adduction of arm
54
pectoralis major- inn.
medial and lateral pectoral nn.
55
pectoralis minor - origin
ribs 3-5
56
pectoralis minor - insertion
coracoid process of the scapula
57
pectoralis minor - action
protraction of the scapula
58
pectoralis minor - inn.
medial pectoral n.
59
scapulohumeral muscles
``` supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis teres major deltoid ```
60
what muscles make up the rotator cuff?
supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis
61
supraspinatus - origin
supraspinous fossa
62
supraspinatus - insertion
greater tubercle
63
supraspinatus - action
ABduction of the arm (initial 15°)
64
supraspinatus - inn.
suprascapular n.
65
infraspinatus - origin
infraspinous fossa
66
infraspinatus - insertion
greater tubercle
67
infraspinatus - action
lateral rotation of the arm
68
infraspinatus - inn.
suprascapular n.
69
teres minor - origin
lateral/posterior scapular surface
70
teres minor - insertion
greater tubercle
71
teres minor - action
lateral rotation of the arm
72
teres minor - inn.
axillary n.
73
subscapularis - origin
subscapular fossa
74
subscapularis - insertion
lesser tubercle
75
subscapularis - action
medial rotation of the arm
76
subscapularis - inn.
upper and lower subscapular n.
77
teres major - origin
inferior/posterior scapular surface
78
teres major - insertion
crest of the lesser tubercle
79
teres major - action
adduction, extension, and medial rotation of the arm
80
teres major - inn.
lower subscapular n.
81
deltoid - origin
spine/acrominon of scapula | lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
82
deltoid - insertion
deltoid tuberosity
83
deltoid - action
ABduction of the arm (after 15°)
84
deltoid - inn.
axillary n.
85
anterior arm muscles
coracobrachialis biceps brachii brachialis
86
coracobrachialis - origin
coracoid process
87
coracobrachialis - insertion
medial humeral shaft
88
coracobrachialis - action
flexion and adduction of arm
89
coracobrachialis - inn.
musculocutaneous n.
90
biceps brachii LH - origin
supraglenoid tubercle
91
biceps brachii SH - origin
coracoid process
92
biceps brachii LH & SH - insertion
radial tuberosity
93
biceps brachii LH & SH - action
flexion and supination of forearm
94
biceps brachii LH & SH - inn.
musculocutaneous n.
95
brachialis - origin
anterior humerus mid-shaft
96
brachialis - insertion
ulnar tuberosity
97
brachialis - action
flexion of forearm
98
brachialis - inn.
musculocutaneous n.
99
posterior arm compartment
triceps brachii - long head - medial head - lateral head
100
triceps brachii LH - origin
infraglenoid tubercle
101
triceps brachii MEDIAL HEAD & LATERAL HEAD - origin
posterior humeral shaft
102
triceps brachii - insertion
olecranon process
103
triceps brachii - action
extension of forearm
104
triceps brachii - inn.
radial n.
105
anterior forearm is the...
flexor side
106
posterior forearm is the...
extensor side
107
radialis is toward which side? and at least does what action?
thumb side | ABducts the wrist
108
ulnaris toward which side? and at least does what action?
pinky side | Adducts the wrist
109
thumb is also called
pollicus
110
superficial anterior forearm
``` pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum superficialis ```
111
pronator teres - action
pronation of the forearm
112
pronator teres- inn.
median n.
113
flexor capri radialis - action
flexion of the wrist | ABduction of the wrist
114
palmaris longus - action
flexion of the wrist
115
palmaris longus - inn.
median n.
116
flexor carpi ulnaris - action
flexion of the wrist | ADduction of the wrist
117
flexor carpi ulnaris - inn.
ulnar n.
118
flexor digitorum superficialis - action
flexion of the wrist | flexion of digits 2-5
119
flexor digitorum superfcialis - inn.
median n.
120
deep anterior forearm
flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus
121
flexor digitorum profundus - action
flexion of the wrist | flexion of digits 2-5
122
flexor digitorum profundus - inn.
median n. (digits 2/3) | ulnar n. (digits 4/5)
123
flexor pollicis longus - action
flexion of the wrist | flexion of the thumb
124
flexor pollicis longus - inn.
median n.
125
pronator quadratus - action
pronates forearm
126
pronator quadratus - inn.
median n.
127
superficial posterior forearm
``` brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulanaris anconeus ```
128
brachioradialis - action
flexion of the forearm
129
brachioradialis - inn.
radial n.
130
extensor carpi radialis longus - action
extension of the wrist | ABduction of the wrist
131
extensor carpi radialis longus - inn.
radial n.
132
extensor carpi radialis brevis - action
extension of the wrist | ABduction of the wrist
133
extensor carpi radialis brevis - inn.
radial n.
134
extensor digitorum - action
extension of the wrist | extension of digits 2-5
135
extensor digitorum - inn.
radial n.
136
extensor digiti minimi - action
extension of the wrist | extension of 5th digit
137
extensor digiti minimi - inn.
radial n.
138
extensor carpi ulnaris - action
extension of the wrist | ADduction of the wrist
139
extensor carpi ulnaris - inn.
radial n.
140
anconeus - action
extension of the forearm
141
anconeus - inn.
radial n.
142
deep posterior forearm
supinator abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor indicis
143
supinator - action
supination of the forearm
144
supinator - inn.
radial n.
145
abductor pollicis longus - action
ABduction of the thumb | extension of the thumb
146
abductor pollicis longus - inn.
radial n.
147
extensor pollicis brevis - action
extension of the thumb
148
extensor pollicis brevis - inn.
radial n.
149
extensor pollicis longus - action
extension of the thumb
150
extensor pollicis longus - inn.
radial n.
151
extensor indicis - action
extension of the index finger
152
extensor indicis - inn.
radial n.
153
muscles of the hand
``` thenar eminence (3) hypothenar eminence (3) lumbricals (4) adductor pollicis palmar and dorsal interosseous (8) palmaris brevis ```
154
thenar eminence
abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis
155
what nerve inn. the thenar eminence?
median n.
156
hypothenar eminence
abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi brevis opponens digiti minimi
157
what nerve inn. the hypothenar eminence?
ulnar n.
158
lumbricals 1 & 2 are inn. by?
median n.
159
lumbricals 3 & 4 are inn. by?
ulnar n.
160
what is the action of the lumbricals?
flex at the MP joint extend at the IP joint "table top"
161
adductor pollicis is inn. by?
ulnar n.
162
what action is produced by palmar interosseous?
adduction of the digits (PAD)
163
what action is produced by the dorsal interosseous?
ABduction of the digits (DAB)
164
what nerve inn. the interosseous muscles?
ulnar n.
165
palmaris brevis does what?
protect ulnar n. and ulnar a. as they cross the wrist | insignificant in movement
166
how many spinal nerves are there?
31 PAIRS
167
how many cervical spinal nerves?
8
168
how many thoracic spinal nerves?
12
169
how many lumbar spinal nerves?
5
170
how many sacral spinal nerves?
5
171
how many coccygeal spinal nerves?
1
172
how many vertebrae are there?
33
173
cord levels of brachial plexus
C5-T1
174
where are the C1-C7 spinal nerves compared to their respective vertebrae?
ABOVE
175
from C8 and below, where are the spinal nerves compared to their respective vertebrae?
BELOW
176
rami
ventral rami C5-T1, emerge in upper neck
177
trunks
upper, middle, and lower form in lower neck
178
divisions
anterior and posterior, split off deep to clavicle
179
cords
medial, lateral, and posterior, form axillary region
180
branches
5 terminal branches, forms off the 3 cords
181
cord levels of musculocuaneous n.?
C5-C7
182
cord levels of ulnar n.?
C8-T1
183
cord levels of median n.?
C5-T1
184
cord levels of radial n.?
C5-T1
185
cord levels of axillary n.?
C5-6
186
where is the dorsal scapular n.?
beaches directly off ventral ramus C5
187
what does the dorsal scapular n. inn.?
rhomboids and levator scapulae
188
where is the long thoracic n.?
formed directly off ventral rami C5-7
189
what does the long thoracic n. inn.?
serratus anterior
190
where is the suprascapular n.?
branches off the upper trunk
191
what does the suprascapular n. inn.?
supraspinatus and infraspinatus
192
where is the medial pectoral n.?
branches off the medial cord
193
what does the medial pectoral n. inn.?
pectoralis major and minor
194
where is the lateral pectoral n.?
branches off the lateral cord
195
what does the lateral pectoral n. inn.?
pectoralis major
196
where is the upper subscapular n.?
branches off the posterior cord
197
what does the upper subscapular n. inn.?
subscapularis
198
where is the thoracodorsal n.?
branches off the posterior cord
199
what does the thoracodorsal n. inn.?
latissimus dorsi
200
where is the lower subscapular n.?
branches off the posterior cord
201
what does the lower subscapular n. inn.?
subscapularis and teres major
202
what is the blood supply in the right UL?
``` left ventricle ascending aorta arch of the aorta brachiocephalic trunk (artery) right subclavian a. ```
203
what is the blood supply in the left UL?
left ventricle ascending aorta arch of the aorta left subclavian a.
204
what are the ABC's of the aorta?
arch of aorta brachicephalic a. left carotid left subclavian
205
what are the major branches of the axillary a.?
``` thoracoacromial a. lateral thoracic a. subscapular a. anterior circumflex humeral a. posterior circumflex humeral a. ```
206
what are the branches of the subscapular a.?
circumflex scapular a. | thoracodorsal a.
207
what are the major branch of the brachial a.?
deep brachial a.
208
how does the brachial a. terminate?
radial and ulnar aa.
209
what are the superficial veins of the UL?
cephalic v. basilic v. median cubital v.
210
where does the cephalic v. open?
axillary v.
211
what does the basilic v. do?
help form axillary v.
212
what does the median cubital v. do?
connects basilic and cephalic vv.
213
what are the boundaries of the triangle of auscultation?
trapezius (superior) medial border of the scapula (lateral) latissimus dorsi
214
what are the boundaries of the triangular space?
``` teres minor (superior) trees major (inferior) long head of triceps brachii (lateral) ```
215
what are the contents of the triangular space?
circumflex scapular vessels
216
what are the boundaries of the quadrangular space?
``` teres minor (superior) teres major (inferior) long head of triceps brachii (medial) shaft of the humerus (lateral) ```
217
what are the contents of the quadrangular space?
posterior circumflex vessels | axillary n.
218
what are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?
pronator teres (medial) brachioradialis (lateral) line between epicondyles of humerus (superior) brachialis and supinator (floor)
219
what are the contents of the cubital fossa?
``` biceps brachii tendon (lateral) brachial artery (middle) median nerve (medial) ```
220
what is superficial to the cubital fossa contents?
median cubital v.
221
what are the boundaries of the anatomical snuffbox?
abductor pollicis longus tendon and extensor pollicis brevis tendon (anterior) extensor pollicis longus tendon (posterior)
222
what are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox?
radial a.
223
what causes a herniated disc?
rupture of the annulus fibrosus portion of the intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus "leaks" posterior-lateral and can compress nerve
224
patient has "winged scapula" meaning the medial border of the scapula protrudes from their back when asked to protract. damage to what causes this?
long thoracic n.
225
patient will present with atrophy of the deltoid muscle and unable abduct their arm beyond 15°. damage to what causes this?
axillary n.
226
what is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome?
9 tendons - 4: flexor digitorum superficialis - 4: flexor digitorum profundus - 1: flexor pollicis longus 1 nerve - median n.
227
what causes carpal tunnel syndrome?
inflammation of the tunnel. median n. is compressed causing pain, numbness, and weakness in the thenar eminence
228
patient has "claw hand" when asked to straighten their fingers. damage to what causes this?
ulnar n.
229
patient has "wrist drop" meaning their hand is constantly in the flexed position. damage to what causes this?
radial n.

Anatomy 3300 (3 decks)

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