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Unit 2 Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Name the types of energy generators

A

Turbines and generators
Fossil fuels
Shale gas

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2
Q

Explain how turbines and generators work

A

Fossil fuels and biofuels are burned to generate heat
The heat helps superheat water
The steam is used to rotate turbines
The turbines are linked to a generator to provide electricity
In essence, wind or water is used to generate mechanical energy which directly rotates turbines when wind or water or hydroelectricity is involved

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3
Q

What is shale gas?

A

Shale gas is a natural gas that is trapped within areas of shale in the crust.

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4
Q

What is shale?

A

Shale is sedimentary rock

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5
Q

What is fracking

A

Fracking is a process of extracting shale gas

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6
Q

Explain how fracking works

A

Drill a well down into the Earth’s crust
Send high pressure water from the water table, sand and chemical mixture down into the Earth’s crustto release trapped gas
Gas will travel back up the drilled shaft
Collect at head

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7
Q

Name the renewable energy sources

A

Wind turbines
Solar energy
Tidal energy
Hydroelectric power
Biofuel
Nuclear energy (but waste is bad for environment)

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8
Q

What are some drawbacks of wind turbines

A

Do not produce power when little wind or too much wind
Can harm wildlife
Nimbyism has prevented them from being developed

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9
Q

What is nimbyism

A

Nimbyism is “not in my back yard”-ism.

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10
Q

What is solar energy

A

Solar energy is energy extracted from the sun and converted into electrical energy

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11
Q

Benefit of tidal energy?

A

More predictable
More consistent

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12
Q

What is tidal energy and how does it work?

A

Tidal energy is energy generated from the movement of water to turn turbines which drive generators to produce electricity

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13
Q

What is HEP and how does it work?

A

Hydro electric power is electricity generated from a reservoir water turning turbines to generate electricity

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14
Q

What is biofuel and biomass production?

A

Biofuel is oil and starch producing crops harvested and biomass production is the process of refining the biofuel into a number of products like biodiesel. Biomass production is a carbon neutral process, absorbs carbon dioxide.

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15
Q

What is nuclear energy and describe the process

A

Nuclear energy is created from a nuclear reaction that takes place inside the resistor vessel. Control rods are moved in or out of the reactor’s core to regulate the amount of power that is generated. This generates heat and superheats water to generate power by the steam and driving turbines and generators

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16
Q

Negatives of nuclear power

A

It is expensive
Reaction is radioactive and the radioactive waste harms animals
Radioactive shave to be stored underground to protect the environment

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17
Q

What are two main types of forces that store energy

A

Compression and tension

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18
Q

What is pneumatics?

A

Pneumatics is an area of mechanical power and compresses gas or air under pressure. Movement is controlled by a system of valves, actuators and pistons. They are accurate, efficient and low maintenance

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19
Q

What is an actuator?

A

An actuator is a machine that moves or controls components in a system.

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20
Q

What are hydraulics?

A

Hydraulics are are like pneumatics but for liquids, commonly oil.

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21
Q

What is a flywheel?

A

A flywheel is a way of storing kinetic energy by providing continuous energy and the primary energy source is discontinuous.

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22
Q

What is an alkaline battery?

A

Alkaline batteries are batteries that have a higher capacity for their size than traditional batteries. The dense manganese oxide inside the alkaline batteries uses less space for the same power

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23
Q

What is a corn starch polymer?

A

Corn starch polymers are a sustainable branch of polymers that are made from vegetable starches and are fully biodegradable if composted.

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24
Q

Why can’t corn starch polymers recycle

A

They decomposers extremely easily so rendering small amounts of these eith other recyclable thermoplastics make the batch unusable

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25
Name 2 types of corn starch polymers, their appearance and characteristics with a few uses
PLA: Smooth or textured finish but dependant on production method. Widely used in 3D printers. Used in bottled, disposable food and drink containers and utensils. PHB: smooth or textured finish. Stable, stiff, quite brittle. Used in bottled, pots.
26
What are system diagrams?
They are simple versions of flowcharts that clearly lay out the input, process and output stages of a system. Common for one box per operation
27
What are open loop and closed loop systems?
An open loop system has no feedback and cannot make a decision; input directly controls output. Closed loop system allows a decision to made using feedback.
28
What is polarity?
Positive and negative side to the input.
29
Name the two types of pole and throw switches
SPST (single pole single throw) SPDT (single pole double throw)
30
Name the two push switches
PTM(push to make) and PTB (push to break)
31
Use of toggle switches?
Lighting, power switch
32
Use of PTM
Door bell, keyboards
33
PTB uses
alarm systems, control systems
34
LDR uses
Street lights, Solar garden light, night lights
35
Thermistor uses
Thermostats on central heating systems, digital thermometers
36
Pressure switch uses
Burglar alarm systems, sensing fluid pressure in pipes
37
LED uses
Low power lighting, Torches, TV screens
38
Buzzer uses
Alarm systems, door entry systems, games
39
What are the 4 motions and what they mean?
Linear motion: straight line Reciprocating motion: up and down in a straight line Oscillating motion: Same as reciprocating but along a curved path Rotary motion: Circular motion
40
what is mechanical advantage and how can this be gained?
Mechanical advantage is making lifting or moving something much easier and can be gained by a lever
41
42
What 3 things need to be considered when dealing with levers?
Effort Load Fulcrum
43
What is equilibrium?
Equilibrium is when the effort and load is the same and the distance from the fulcrum is the same for both
44
How to calculate mechanical advantage?
MA = Load/effort
45
name the classes of levers and their characteristics
Class 1: seesaw action. Load and effort are on opposite side of fulcrum Class 2: Wheelbarrow action, Fulcrum on one end and effort on the other Class 3: Tweezer action, fulcrum is on one end and load is on the other.
46
What is a linkage?
A linkage is a mechanism made by connecting rigid parts
47
What is reverse motion linkage?
Reverse moiton linkage changes the direction of the input motion so that the output travels in the opposite direction.
48
What is Parallel motion or push/pull linkage?
Push/pull linkage maintains the direction of the input so that the output travels in the same direction. If input is pulled then output is pulled.
49
Bell crank linkage?
Bell crank linkage changes the direction of the input motion through 90 degrees. Used to change horizontal motion into vertical motion etc.
50
Crank and slider linkage?
crank and slider linkage changed rotary motion into reciprocating motion. A connecting rod uses two moving pivots to push and pul;l a slider along a set path.
51
Treadle linkage?
Changes rotary motion to oscillating or vice versa. A connecting rod uses to moving pivots and a further fixed pivot to create windscreens wiper motion
52
What is a camshaft?
A camshaft is a rotating rod with a cam attached to a shaft in an engine or other mechanical devices.
53
What is a cam?
A cam is a shaped purée of material usually wood or plastic or metal attached to a shaft in an
54
What is a cam used for?
A cam is used for changing rotary motion into reciprocating motion through a follower.
55
Name the 4 types of cam and details of them
Eccentric/circular cam - simple round can itch the shaft position of centre. Follower has steady rise and fall Pear cam - rapid rise and fall followed by long dwell period Snail cam - A long dwell followed by a steady rise and sudden drop. Only use din one direction Heart shaped cam - slight rise and fall with no dwell period.
56
57
what is the dwell?
Dwell is at times when a revolution of a follower may be stationary
58
3 types of followers:
Flat follower - not accurate and high levels of friction Knife edged follower - the fine edge tracks the movement of a cam accurately. It has low friction but can have high level of wear due to fine edge. Not efficient under heavy load Roller follower - A roller tracks cam movement with some accuracy. Friction is reduced. Efficient under load.
59
What does a gear train consist of?
A drive wheel or drive “gear” which in turn rotates the driven gear.
60
What is an idler gear used for?
used to change the direction fo rotation so that the driven gear goes in the same direction as drive gear
61
What is a block and tackle system?
A block and tackle system is a system of two or ore pulleys that can be used in combination to reduce the effort required to lift or move a heavy load.

DT (6 decks)

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