Unit 4

Question 1

What is a static load?

Answer 1

A static load is an applied force where the object is applying the force whilst being stationary (e.g a book resting on the table)

Question 2

What is a dynamic load?

Answer 2

A load where the object is applying the force through movement (e.g the book being dropped onto the table)

Question 3

what is tension?

Answer 3

Tension occurs when a pulling force is applied to other ends of a material. The object become stretched as it resist being pulled apart

Question 4

What is compression?

Answer 4

Compression occurs when a pushing force is applied to both ends of a material. It becomes compressed as it tries to resist being squashed.

Question 5

What is compressive strength?

Answer 5

Compressive strength is a measure of the resistance towards compression

Question 6

What is tensile strength?

Answer 6

Tensile strength is a measure of how resistant a material is to tension

Question 7

What is torsion?

Answer 7

Torsion occurs when a material is being twisted(where both ends rotate in opposite directions)

Question 8

What is torsional strength?

Answer 8

Torsional strength is the ability of a material to resist being twisted out of shape.

Question 9

What is bending force?

Answer 9

Bending force is the result of both compression and tension on either side of its neutral axis. Compression occurs in the underside and stretched on the ends

Question 10

What is stiffness?

Answer 10

Stiffness is the measure of how resistant a material is to be bent.

Question 11

What is shear force?

Answer 11

Shear force is a force that acts on an object in a direction perpendicular to its length (e.g a wind pushing against a tree is shear force)

Question 13

Name the types of strengthening and enhancing methods (6)

Answer 13

-Reinforcing
- Webbing
- Laminating materials
- fabric interfacing
- folding and bending
- nets

Question 14

What is reinforcing?

Answer 14

A way to strengthen a material by adding a different material to it to improve its ability to withstand force and stress

Question 15

What is webbing?

Answer 15

Webbing is a strong fabric woven in strips from yarns, which are made from synthetic fibres like nylon or polyester. Can be made from high strength materials like Kevlar.

Question 16

What is laminating?

Answer 16

Laminating is a from of reinforcement by stiffening. It involves bonding two or more substances to improve a product’s strength, aesthetics, stability and flexibility.

Question 17

What is fabric interfacing?

Answer 17

It is use din textile garments as an extra layer in specific areas where extra structure, shape or support is required.

Question 18

How is folding and bonding useful to strengthen a material?

Answer 18

By reshaping an object through folding end bending it can hold more weight without breaking; the material can resist more weight when bent or folded.

Question 19

What is a carbon footprint?

Answer 19

Carbon footprint is the amount of carbon dioxide emitted during a process.

Question 20

What is the carbon footprint unit?

Answer 20

Kilograms of Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)

Question 21

What is an ecological footprint?

Answer 21

Ecological footprint measures the impact of a person on their natural environment by quantifying the amount of earth’s natural resources they use.

Question 22

What is a social footprint?

Answer 22

A social footprint is the impact a company’s policies have on its employees, partners or subcontractors, and society as a whole.

Question 23

What needs to happen for a company(designer/manufacturer) to sell their product as ethnically sourced or produced goods

Answer 23

• They need to know where all their products come from
• Need to know whether their products were originally sourced
• Conditions for the workforce
• Whether the workers were paid fairly

Question 24

Which organisation looks after the welfare of workers and what act does it enforce?

Answer 24

Health and safety executive (HSE) and enforces the Health and safety act of 1974

Question 25

When was the minimum wage brought into effect?

Answer 25

April 1999

Question 26

What is Fairtrade?

Answer 26

Fairtrade is an organisation that promotes the idea of, as a oncsumer and manufacturer, finding out in what conditions a product was produced and their philosophy is to give workers and farmers a fair price for their services and products along with facilitating sustainable trade with other countries.

Question 27

What is deforestation?

Answer 27

Deforestation is the chopping of trees in mass numbers for more farmland or paper etc.

Question 28

What is mining?

Answer 28

Mining a process used to gather primary materials, materials and metals required to supply our manufacturing needs

Question 29

What are the two types of mining?

Answer 29

Surface mining and underground mining

Question 30

What is “slash and burn”?

Answer 30

A term used to describe a technique of converting virgin forests into farmland . The resulting ash gives the soil nutrients required for a short period of time to allow crops to grow or cattle to graze.

Question 31

What is desertification?

Answer 31

Desertification is when the land dries out and is no longer able to support vegetation as the water table drops and water becomes scarce. (E.g. cutting down trees in rainforests make the rain scarce.)

Question 32

What is drilling?

Answer 32

Drilling is a method used to extract shale gas, normal gas or oil.

Question 33

What is product miles?

Answer 33

Product miles is the distance from where the materials are collected all the way to where they are being sold.

Question 34

What are the 2 types of pollution?

Answer 34

Oceanic pollution and atmospheric pollution.

Question 35

what are the 6 R’s (in order of hierarchy from worst to best)?

Answer 35

- Recycle - Repair - Reuse - Reduce - Rethink - Refuse

Question 36

What is primary recycling and secondary recycling?

Answer 36

Primary recycling is reusing a product in the same way and secondary recycling is reusing the same product in a different way

Question 37

What is miniaturisation and its effect on the environment?

Answer 37

It is to make items smaller in order to reduce waste and reduce negative impact on the environment.

Question 38

What is planned obsolescence?

Answer 38

when products and appliances are designed to last for a specific amount of time, in turn it allows the company selling these products to profit more.

Question 39

What is the WEEE directive and when did it come into place?

Answer 39

WEEE is the Waste electronics and Electronics Equipment recycling and it came into force in 2006. It was updated in 2013.

Question 40

What are bespoke items?

Answer 40

Bespoke items are items made for individual items.

Question 41

What is batch production?

Answer 41

Batch production is an automated manufacturing process when a certain number of identical products are required. It is automated for a short lead time and is quicker to produce the product

Question 42

What is mass production?

Answer 42

Mass production is a manufacturing method to produce products that are in constant use and where the design does not change significantly (e.g. containers).

Question 43

What is continuous production?

Answer 43

Continuous production is like mass production but the products tend to be made to create stock or standard material forms. the factory will be open 24/7.