Unit 2 Flashcards
(140 cards)
What are some hazards present in fieldwork
Adverse weather conditions, difficult terrain, issues with being isolated, or coming into contact with harmful organisms
What controls could be identified during a fieldwork risk assessment
Use of appropriate equipment, clothing, footwear, or means of communication
Why is sampling conducted
To avoid having to count every organism in an area, and allow comparisons to be made between areas
What are the three types of sampling
Random sampling, systematic sampling, or stratified sampling
Explain random sampling
Members of the population will have an equal chance of being selected
Explain systematic sampling
Members of a population are selected at regular intervals
Explain stratified sampling
The population is divided into categories that are then sampled proportionally based on group size
What mist be taken into account when sampling
The impact on the species and habitat; rare or vulnerable species; and any habitats protected by legislation must be considered
What are the six methods of sampling
Point count
Transect
Quadrats
Capture techniques
Indirect sampling
Camera traps
What does a point count entail
An observer recording all sightings of a species from a fixed position over a set period of time
Why is remote detection useful
As it allows organisms to be monitored without needing to visit an isolated location
What are quadrats used for
Plants, and other sessile (non-mobile) organisms
What are transects used for
TO study population differences across an environmental gradient (such as in salinity or moisture)
What are capture techniques used for
Mobile species
What are the three methods of identifying an animal (not taxonomy or phylogenetics)
Classification guides, biological keys, or DNA testing/ protein analysis
What is taxonomy, and what is is based on
The identification and naming of organisms, and their classification into groups, often using shared characteristics and morphology – and organisms form and structure
What is phylogenetics
The study of the evolutionary history and relationships among individuals, or groups of organisms
What does phylogenetics use, and what does it construct using that information
It uses heritable traits, such as DNA, morphology, and other structure. A phylogeny/phylogenetic tree is drawn
Define a phylogeny
A diagrammatic hypothesis of an organisms relationship to other organisms
Define convergent evolution
The separate evolution of similar features (species may look similar but are not closely related)
Define divergent evolution
The development of differing life forms from a common origin (two closely related species look incredibly different)
What is a model organism
An organism that has been widely studied, or one that can be easily studied
What are the three taxonomic groups that have model organisms
Nematode, chordate, arthropod
What are the examples of model organisms, and what is their taxonomic group
E. Coli (bacterium)
Arabidopsis Thaliana (plant)
C. elegans (nematode)
Drosphila Melanogaster (arthropod)
Mice, rats, zebrafish (chordate)