Unit 2: 19th Century PH in Rizal's Context

Question 1

The 19th century in the Philippines was dubbed as […], […], […], and […]

Answer 1

• era of challenges
• age of enlightenment
• birth of modern life
• birth of nations

Question 2

When did the Galleon Trade occur?

Answer 2

1565-1815
(250 years)

Question 3

When did the Galleon Trade end?

Answer 3

September 14, 1815

Question 4

Who found the arrival course from Cebu to Mexico in 1565, thus establishing the Galleon Trade?

Answer 4

Andres De Urdaneta

Question 5

How many total Galleons set sail from Manila during the Galleon Trade?

Answer 5

110

Question 6

During the Galleon Trade, the Spanish government declared Manila as the […]

Answer 6

commerce center of the east

Question 7

When did the Suez Canal first open?

Answer 7

Nov. 17, 1869

Question 8

Who was the French diplomat who constructed the Suez Canal?

Answer 8

Ferdinand de Lesseps

Question 9

A waterway in Egypt that connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez

Answer 9

Suez Canal

Question 10

Dubbed as the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa

Answer 10

Suez Canal

Question 11

The Suez canal shortened travel time from Spain to Manila from […] to […]

Answer 11

• 3 months
• 32-40 days

Question 12

Term used for Filipinos who can study abroad

Answer 12

Illustrados

Question 13

A period during which the Philippines was building its cash crop economy

Answer 13

Rise of Export of Crop Economy
(1820-1870)

Question 14

The advancement of Philippine cash crop exports was propelled by […] and […] vendors

Answer 14

• north European
• north American

Question 15

When was the opium monopoly legalized by the Spanish government?

Answer 15

1840s

Question 16

When was the monopoly of spirituous liquor?

Answer 16

1712-1864

Question 17

When was the monopoly of betel nuts?

Answer 17

1764

Question 18

When was the monopoly of tobacco?

Answer 18

1782-1882

Question 19

When was the monopoly of explosives?

Answer 19

1805-1864

Question 20

The most controversial and oppressive monopoly in the Philippines

Answer 20

Tobacco Monopoly
(March 1, 1782)

Question 21

Who placed the tobacco industry under government control?

Answer 21

Governor-General Jose Basco y Vargas

Question 22

When was the Tobacco Monopoly abolished?

Answer 22

1882
(after 100 years)

Question 23

Who abolished the Tobacco Monopoly?

Answer 23

Governor-General Primo De Rivera

Question 24

The objective of education in the Philippines during the Spanish rule

Answer 24

To make obedient, God-fearing citizens

Question 25

Who mandated the education of locals in the Philippines?

Answer 25

King Philip II (*Leyes de Indias*)

Question 26

A term used to define pure blood Spaniards born in Spain but had moved to a colony

Answer 26

Peninsulares

Question 27

A term used to define pure blood Spaniards born in the Philippines

Answer 27

Insulares

Question 28

A Royal Decree which provided for the establishment of educational institutions for boys and girls

Answer 28

Educational Decree of December 20, 1863

Question 29

The only university-level institution in the Philippines during the 19th century

Answer 29

University of Santo Tomas

Question 30

When was the Rise of Chinese Mestizos?

Answer 30

1741-1898

Question 31

The hierarchy of the Inquilino System

Answer 31

- Friars/Secular Spanish - Administrator - Inquilino - Sharecroppers/Kasamas

Question 32

The 4 conflicts between estate owners and workers during the Rise of Inquilinos

Answer 32

- excessive taxes and rent - decline of sharing agreements - extreme labor demands - capricious crop pricing

Question 33

A political philosophy focused on the ideals of freedom and equality

Answer 33

Liberalism

Question 34

A political revolution in Europe and elsewhere wherein monarchial rule was overthrown and replaced by a liberal government system

Answer 34

French Revolution (1789-1799)

Question 35

4 farms of Tobacco Industry

Answer 35

- Nueva Ecija - Marinduque - Ilocos - Cagayan Valley

Question 36

The battle cry during the French Revolution

Answer 36

"Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity"

Question 37

The first liberal governor-general in the Philippines and a role model of liberalism

Answer 37

Governor-General Carlos Maria De la Torre (1869-1871)

Question 38

The most beloved Spanish governor-general in the Philippines

Answer 38

Governor-General Carlos Maria De la Torre (1869-1871)

Question 39

A series of economic and political changes in Spain in the 18th century to increase royal revenues and reduce the power of the nobility

Answer 39

Bourbon Reforms

Question 40

The Spanish King who created the Bourbon Reforms

Answer 40

Spanish Bourbon King Philip V (1700-1746)

Question 41

During the Napoleonic control of Spain, a liberal constitution was declared in [...]

Answer 41

Cadiz (March 1812)

Question 42

The first constitution in Europe to deal with national sovereignty, recognizing that sovereignty comes from the people, not the king

Answer 42

Cadiz Constitution

Question 43

The first 2 delegates of the Philippines during the Cadiz Constitution

Answer 43

- Pedro Perez de Tagle - Jose Manuel Coretto

Question 44

A governor-general of the Cadiz Constitution who called for an election of Manila officials

Answer 44

Governor-General Manuel Gonzales Aguilar

Question 45

Appointee from the Royal Corps of Artillery of Manila who was appointed by Aguilar

Answer 45

Don Ventura de Los Reyes

Question 46

Who declared the Cadiz Constitution invalid and reestablished absolutism?

Answer 46

King Fernando VII (May 1814)

Question 47

It institutes the principles of universal male suffrage, national sovereignty, constitutional monarchy, and freedom of the press, and advocates land reform and free enterprise

Answer 47

Cadiz Constitution

Question 48

A worldview founded on ideas of freedom and equality

Answer 48

Liberalism

Question 49

Commonly depicted as the birth of modern life and nation-states

Answer 49

19th century

Question 50

The qualified system of tenancy, or the right to use land in exchange for rent

Answer 50

Inquilino System

Question 51

When did the Spanish government close the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico?

Answer 51

1565

Question 52

The son of poor Ilocano parents who took part in the Ilocos revolt led by Diego Silang in 1762

Answer 52

Don Ventura de los Reyes

Question 53

Became the trading hub where China, India, Japan, and Southeast Asian countries sent their goods to be consolidated for shipping

Answer 53

Manila

Question 54

They played the role of agents who could distribute imports in the interior and buy up goods for export during the development of the export crop industry

Answer 54

Chinese

Question 55

The mandated Spanish authorities in the Philippines to educate the locals

Answer 55

Spanish missionaries

Question 56

The strict discipline used by Spanish friars for the locals to learn fast

Answer 56

corporal punishments

Question 57

They were highly respected in their respective *pueblos* or towns, though regarded as *filibusteros* or rebels by the friars

Answer 57

Ilustrados