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Psychology > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Axon

A

Tubelike part, carries messages away from the cell body towards other neurons

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1
Q

Soma

A

Cell body

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2
Q

Terminal buds

A

Swellings at tips of axons from which neurotransmitters are dispatched into the synapse

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3
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Chemical messengers that transport nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another

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4
Q

Synapse

A

Gap between neurons

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5
Q

Dendrites

A

Projects from soma, receives neural imoulses

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6
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Neurons that transmit info from sensory organs, muscles, and inner organs to the spinal cord/ brain.

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7
Q

Motor neuron

A

Neurons that convey nerve impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands

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8
Q

Glands

A

Organs that secrete

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9
Q

Hormones

A

Secretions from endocrine glands that help regulate bodily processes

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10
Q

Interneurons

A

Nerve cells in CNS that connects neurons to neurons.

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11
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of axons from diff. neurons that transmit nerve impulses

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12
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

Gaps in myelin sheath that create non insulated areas along axon

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13
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

A disease of the central nervous system in which the myelin sheath, that insulates axons, is damaged or destroyed

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14
Q

Ions

A

Charged chemical particle

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15
Q

Resting potential

A

Neuron is at resting state (-)

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16
Q

Depolarization

A

Positive shift in neurons resting potential (+)

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17
Q

Action potential

A

Abrupt negative to positive charge (an impulse)

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18
Q

All or none

A

Neuron only fire with a certain lvl. of excitation

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19
Q

Refractory period

A

Temporary state in which neuron is unable to fire in response to continued stimulation. (Toilet is flushing)

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20
Q

Reuptake

A

Process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the transmitting neuron

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21
Q

Enzymes

A

Organic substances that produce certain chemical changes in other organic substances

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22
Q

Nueromodulators

A

Chemicals release in the nervous system that influence the sensitivity of the receiving neuron to neurotransmitters

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23
Q

Antagonist

A

Drugs that block the actions of neurotransmitters by occupying the receptor sites in which the near transmitters dock

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24
Hallucination
Hearing voices or seeing things that are not there
25
Delusions
Fixed, false ideas, such as believing that aliens have taken over their bodies
26
Parkinson's disease
A degenerative brain disease that leads to progressive loss of motor function or physical movement
27
Agonists
Enhance the activity of neurotransmitters
28
Stimulant
Drug that activates CNS, like coffee
29
Amphetamines
Same aw stimulant but stronger, like cocaine, "speed"
30
Antidepressant
Drugs that fight depressants affecting activity of neurotransmitters in the brain
31
Endorphins
Natural chemicals released in the brain that have pain killing and pleasure inducing effects
32
Pns
Links body to world
33
Autonomic NS
Part of PNS regulates involuntary bodily processes like heart rate,respiration, digestion and pupil contraction; no conscious direction
34
Somatic NS
Part of PNS, carries sensory info from sensory organs to the CNS and relays motor commands to muscles, controls volantary movement
35
Sympathetic NS
Part of ANS, speeds up bodily processes when threatened.
36
Parasympathetic
Part of ANS, replenishes bodily resources by promoting digestion and slowing down other bodily processes
37
Hindbrain
Pons, medulla, cerebullum
38
Midbrain
Reticular formation
39
Forebrain
Hypothalamus, basal ganglia, cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus.
40
Cerebral cortex
The lobes and corpus callosum
41
Basal ganglia
Cluster of nerve cells, forebrain, balance and coordination
42
Cerebellum
Balance and coordination, hindbrain
43
Medulla
Hindbrain, controls main bodily functions, like heartbeat/rate, breathing, and reflexes
44
Pons
Hindbrain, sleep and awake
45
Reticular formation
Network of neurons that rises from hind brain and passes through the midbrain. Attention, alertness, arousal.
46
Thalamus
Relay station near brain. Sends info like Touch, vision, hearing, taste, not smell, from one area to another
47
Hypothalamus
Hunger,thirst, fluid concentration, body temperature, reproductive processes, emotional states, response to stress
48
Somatosensory cortex
Part of parietal lobe that processes info about touch and pressure on the skin, and position of bodies
49
Motor cortex
Regulates Body movement
50
Association areas
Parts of cerebral cortex that makes perceptions if the world and performa higher mental functions
51
EEG
Electrical activity in brain
52
CT Scan
Cat scan, xray beam passed through body at diff angles to generate 3d image of bodily structures
53
PET (positron emission tomography)
Radioactive sugar tracer injected into the bloodstream and used to measure levels of activity of various parts of the brain
54
MRI
Uses magnet to create computure images
55
Lesioning
Destroys parts of brain of animal to observe affects
56
Electrical recording
Electrodes implanted, electrical changes in response to stimuli
57
Electrical stimulation
Electrical current sent through various parts of the brain to observe affects.
58
Laterization
Division between right/left hemisphere
59
Brocas area
Production of speech
60
Wernickes area
Our ability to understand language written or spoken
61
Aphasia
Loss or impairment of the ability to express language
62
Plasticity
Brain able to reorganize itself after trauma
63
Stroke
Clot blocks an artery. Paralysis, loss of sensation, etc.
64
Phinease gage
Crazy man
65
Prefrontal cortex
Higher mental function, like thinking, planning. In forebrain
66
Laceration
Damage to the brain when something penetrates.
67
Concussion
Blow to the head, no penetration, sometimes harmless, sometimes serious
68
Epilepsy
Severing of corpus callosum
69
Split brain patient
Go through epilepsy
70
Glutamate
Excitatory neurotransmitter helps cns aroused
71
Serotonin
Feelings if sensation after eating

Psychology (6 decks)

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