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Audio Production > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define analog recording

A

a type of recorded signal that produces a wave similar to that of the original wave.

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2
Q

Define transduction

A

the process of changing one form of energy to another

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3
Q

Define phonograph

A

a device created by Thomas Edison using a microphone, a needle, and a rotating foil cylinder to record sound

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4
Q

Define magnetic tape

A

mylar tape with a thin coating of magnetic particles; each is a tiny magnet and is arranged in random fashion

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5
Q

Define digital recording

A

a type of recorded signal that is comprised of samples of original sound

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6
Q

Define bit

A

on or off state in computer language. Each audio sample is made of a string of these.

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7
Q

Define sample rate

A

how many times per second the signal is sampled

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8
Q

Who invented the phonograph in 1877

A

Thomas Edison

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9
Q

What were nickelodians?

A

machines that you could put a nickel in to and hear a song of your choice

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10
Q

Define microphone

A

a transducer that converts a sound wave into an electrical wave that can then be amplified and broadcast

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11
Q

Which microphone type requires an external power source

A

condensor mic

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12
Q

What is the power source for a condensor mic called?

A

phantom power

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13
Q

What are the three types of microphones we talked about in class?

A

dynamic, condensor, ribbon

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14
Q

What are the pros and cons of dynamic mics?

A

pros:
inexpensive, very durable, performs well in difficult sound conditions
cons:
less response to higher frequency sounds

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15
Q

What are the pros and cons of ribbon mics?

A

pros:
very good high frequency response, warm rich tones, excellent sensitivity
cons:
very delicate and easily damaged, sensitive to popping noises from Bs and Ps

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16
Q

What are the pros and cons of condenser mics?

A

pros:
high sensitivity and extended frequency response, reasonably durable
cons:
needs external power supply, susceptible to moisture damage

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17
Q

Which mic is also known as the “moving coil mic”

A

dynamic

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18
Q

What is an omnidirectional mic?

A

a mic that picks up sound well from all directions

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19
Q

What is a bi-directional mic?

A

a mic that picks up sound from front and rear equally, but rejects sounds from the sides

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20
Q

What is a cardiod mic?

A

also known as unidirectional, only picks up sound from the front. It is known as cardiod because the shape of its pickup pattern looks like a heart.

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21
Q

What is a shotgun mic?

A

a long mic with a long focused pick up range

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22
Q

What is a windscreen?

A

foam covering for microphones to help prevent unwanted noises

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23
Q

How close together should mics be placed?

A

Space mics about three times the the source distance apart

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24
Q

What are imaging and depth when referring to recording?

A

imaging: the apparent placement of certain sounds from left to right
depth: the apparent placement of certain sounds from front to back

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25
Q

What are the four components of speakers?

A

tweeter: produces high frequencies
woofer: produces mid frequencies
sub-woofer: produces low frequencies
crossover: sends frequencies to the proper drivers

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26
Q

What does SPL stand for?

A

sound pressure level

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27
Q

Define sensitivity

A

amount of sound a speaker can produce from a given input level

28
Q

What is phasing?

A

when one sound and an inverse sound cancel each other out

29
Q

What is the name for the process of over-dubbing during a multi-track recording?

A

punching in

30
Q

What is the name for the unwanted sound that comes from wires?

A

hum

31
Q

What is the name for the average common audio plug?

A

phone connector

32
Q

RCA cables are also known as what?

A

phono cables

33
Q

What unit is impedance measured in?

A

ohms

34
Q

Amplitude is measured in what?

A

decibels

35
Q

What is panning?

A

audio spread across a left to right spectrum

36
Q

Define frequency response

A

how well certain devices respond to different frequencies

37
Q

Which kind of mic has two bars inside with an electric charge between?

A

condensor

38
Q

In 1873, who published the theory on electromagnetic waves?

A

James Maxwell

39
Q

Who used experiments to send and detect audio waves.

A

Heinrich Hertz

40
Q

Who invented wireless telegraphy?

A

Marconi

41
Q

Who made the first radio broadcast?

A

Reginald Fessenden

42
Q

Who invented the audion tube?

A

Lee De Forest

43
Q

What does RCA stand for?

A

Radio Corporation of America

44
Q

Who saw wireless technology as a form of entertainment and became the first DJ?

A

Frank Conrad

45
Q

What was the first radio station?

A

KDKA Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

46
Q

What event happened in 1940 that threatened the very existence of radio?

A

the invention of television

47
Q

What is pirate radio?

A

People hijack radio waves and broadcast their own signal

48
Q

What do AM and FM stand for?

A

Amplitude Modulation

Frequency Modulation

49
Q

What is the default sample rate for CD quality?

A

44.1 khz / 16 bit

50
Q

What is ERP?

A

abbreviation for the three playheads in analog recording (Erase, Record, Play)

51
Q

What were potential problems with using tape for recording?

A

poor frequency response, slow and fast variations due to dirty tape path (known as wow and flutter), crosstalk (signals from different tracks getting mixed), and hiss (noise generated by random particles in the tape)

52
Q

What advantages did analog recording have over digital?

A

gentler and warmer sound, captured entire sound rather than just a sample

53
Q

Every digital audio sample is made up of a string of on or off states in computer language called what?

A

bits

54
Q

What is the technical term for air molecules being pulled apart?

A

rarefaction

55
Q

What is amplitude?

A

the height of the wave, determines how loud the sound is

56
Q

Define cycle

A

one complete vibration from normal to high to low to normal

57
Q

Define frequency

A

the number of cycles per second

58
Q

What is wavelength?

A

physical distance between peaks of waves

59
Q

Define timbre

A

the specific shape of the wave that makes it sound different from other noises

60
Q

Define attack and decay

A

Attack: how long a sound takes to get from silence to maximum volume
Decay: how long it takes to get from maximum to midrange

61
Q

Define sustain

A

how long a sound holds

62
Q

Define release

A

how long it takes for a sound to fade to silence after sustain

63
Q

Define phase shift

A

when two identical waves are slightly delayed from each other and are out of phase

64
Q

What is a signal to noise ratio?

A

the amount of difference in volume (dB) between the audio signal at optimal level and the noise made by the equipment

65
Q

What are the raw audio formats for Mac and Windows?

A

Mac: AIFF
Windows: WAV

66
Q

Define bit depth

A

number of bits allocated to each sample

Audio Production (1 decks)

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