Unit 2 Flashcards
What is the cytoplasm?
The fluid material inside the cell where chemical process occur I so that the cell can use for energy.
What is the cell nucleus?
The master organelle that contains genetic material responsible for controlling actions that occur in the cell. These organelles convert food energy in energy yielding nutrients.
What is an endoplasmic reticulum?
Organelle that is composed of a network of canals running through the cytoplasm. Is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification of toxic substances, calcium storage release is the cells, and protein synthesis.
Also contains some ribosomes.
What is a Golgi complex?
Cell organelle near the nucleus that processes newly synthesized protein for secretion or distribution to other organelles.
What are lysosomes?
Organelles that contain digestive enzymes for use inside cell for turnover of cell parts. Digest worn out cell components.
What are peroxisomes?
Cell organelles that destroys toxic products within the cell (detoxifies). Contain enzymes that detoxify harmful chemicals and a protective enzyme called catalase. This prevents excessive accumulation of Hydrogen Peroxide in the cell. Alcohol is digested here.
What is an anabolic cell metabolism?
Anabolic metabolism requires energy to build up molecules and cells.
What is catabolic cell metabolism?
Occurs when cells take molecules apart to release energy.
What is the hepatic portal vein?
A large vein that carries nutrient rich blood from capillaries in intestines to portions of the stomach and liver.
What is a lumen?
Hollow opening inside a tube, such as the GI tract
What is amylase?
Starch digesting enzyme produced by salivary glands
What is lipase?
Fat digesting enzyme produced by salivary glands, stomach and pancreas
What is a bolus?
Food that is mixed with saliva swallowed from oral cavity into the pharynx
What is passive diffusion?
Diffusion of nutrients across the absorptive cell membranes
What does facilitated diffusion mean?
Diffusion of nutrients across the absorptive cell.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Uses a carrier protein to move nutrients down a concentration gradient.
What is an active absorption?
Involves a carrier protein as well as energy to move nutrients into absorptive cells.
What is phagocytosis and pinocytosis?
They are forms of active transport in which absorptive cell membrane forms an indentation that engulfs a nutrient to bring it into cell
What is nutritional genomics?
Interactions between nutrition and genetics; the umbrella of nitrogen ethics and nitrogen omits
What is nutrigenetics?
Effects of genes on nutritional health such as variations in nutrient requirements and responsiveness to dietary modifications.
What is nutrigenetics?
Food impacts health through its interaction with our genes and its subsequent effect in gene expression.
What are ulcers?
Erosion of the tissue lining, usually in stomach or upper small intestine. Due to h. Pylori. Treatment is non- steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, proton pump inhibitors, antacid medications.
Gastroesophogeal Reflux Disease
Heartburn. Can damage lining of esophagus.
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome.
