Unit 2

Question 1

ultimate authority is

Answer 1

reason

Question 2

reality is in

Answer 2

the realm of ideas and forms, material world is dim reflection of ideal

Question 3

humans are

Answer 3

rational animals, eternal souls linked with dying bodies

Question 4

morality is determined through

Answer 4

rational reflection on virtue

Question 5

purpose is to

Answer 5

live well by subjecting our merely animal passions to reason, correct times to do things

Question 6

Greek cultural background

Answer 6

developed isolated independent city-states
outdoor Mediterranean culture
fishing and trade central
large groups to debate and discuss

Question 7

what did the iliad and the odyssey tell the story of

Answer 7

the Trojan war 800 BC

Question 8

constitutive stories

Answer 8

worldview through narrative
vision of arête - virtue
unified disparate poleis

Question 9

expansion of Persian empire…

Answer 9

solidifies greek identity

Question 10

499 -

Answer 10

Greek poleis on asia minor revolt against Persia with help from Athens but are defeated

Question 11

492 Persian emissaries demand

Answer 11

tribute from Greeks

Question 12

how do greeks respond to emissaries

Answer 12

some acquiesce, Sparta and Athens kill messenger

Question 13

1st Persian war

Answer 13

Athens wins battle of marathon 490

pheidippides runs to alert Athens - nike

Question 14

second invasion

Answer 14

xerxes
300 Spartans sacrifice their lives at Thermopylae
Athens is burned
thermistocles leads the greek army to victory at salamis
Persian army expelled at plataea

Question 15

golden age of athens

Answer 15

pericles
Delian league provided money for rebuilding Athens and other things
creativity in architecture, drama and art

Question 16

Peloponnesian war

Answer 16

Sparta invades attica
plague killed 1/3 of Athens
Athens attack on sicily failed

Question 17

Macedonian empire

Answer 17

Philip controls central Greece

died and replaced by alexander who conquered much of the known world before turning back at the indus river then dying

Question 18

pre-Socratic natural philosophers

Answer 18

attempted to find unifying principle behind nature

Question 19

thales

Answer 19

all is from water

Question 20

pythagoras

Answer 20

all is from math

Question 21

heracliuts

Answer 21

fire is primordial, change is first principle

Question 22

democritus

Answer 22

world is made up of atoms

Question 23

sophists

Answer 23

rhetoric oratory and money

Question 24

socrates

Answer 24

truth through dialogue

Question 25

plato

Answer 25

truth lies in forms, ideas, archaetypes allegory of cave hierarchy of being

Question 26

aristotle

Answer 26

empirical truth in particulars four causes four virtues

Question 27

4 causes

Answer 27

material - what it is made out of formal - form into which it was made efficient - what causes it to change, what makes it final - purpose

Question 28

4 virtues

Answer 28

courage temperance justice prudence

Question 29

legacy of greeks

Answer 29

world is orderly and rational humans have innate significance and dignity foundational presupposition for modern science shaped Christian apologetics

Question 30

absolute reality is ___ to the gods

Answer 30

superior moral order disenchanted world

Question 31

about human significance

Answer 31

foundational for democracy and human rights pushed into secular humanism resonates with Christians

Question 32

human significance can e pushed to

Answer 32

secular humanis man is measure of all things protagoras

Question 33

foundations of rome

Answer 33

mythology and class system

Question 34

who founded rome

Answer 34

romulus

Question 35

classes

Answer 35

``` patricians - Etruscan upper class plebeians - latin farmers, shepherds, greeks ```

Question 36

roman values

Answer 36

family, gravitas, piety, practical knowledge,

Question 37

greek values

Answer 37

individual, arête, glory, search for truth

Question 38

royal period

Answer 38

kings elected by ___, senate advised

Question 39

repbulic

Answer 39

3 punic wars fought against carthage civil war sparked by Gracchi brothers first and second triumvirate

Question 40

first triumvirate

Answer 40

rise of Julius caesar

Question 41

second triumvirate

Answer 41

ascension of octavian

Question 42

pax romana

Answer 42

empire augustus ruled through military financial means later emperors mixed

Question 43

good emperors

Answer 43

Claudius, titus, Domitian

Question 44

bad emperoros

Answer 44

Caligula, nero

Question 45

how many emperors hold empire together

Answer 45

5

Question 46

fall of emprie

Answer 46

Adrianople | rome repeatedly sacked

Question 47

adrianople

Answer 47

emperor valens killed

Question 48

who took rome

Answer 48

Odoacer in 476

Question 49

byzantine empire

Answer 49

continued grandeur Justinian the greates tried to reconquer rome codified roman law and legal decisions

Question 50

about code of justinian

Answer 50

greek and latin scholars compose simplified 400 years of documents corpus juris civilis

Question 51

later byzantine

Answer 51

call for aid lead to crusades | fell to ottoman turks