Unit 2 Flashcards
(172 cards)
What is satire
literary work that ridicules its subject through the use of techniques such as exaggeration, reversal, incongruity and/or parody in order to make a comment or criticism
what are the elements of satire
exaggeration, incongruity, reversal and parody
what is exaggeration
To enlarge, increase, or represent something beyond normal bounds so that it becomes ridiculous and its faults can be seen
what is incongruity
To present things that are out of place or absurd in relation to its surroundings
what is reversal
To present the opposite of the normal order (e.g. the order of events, hierarchical order, traditional roles)
what is parody
To imitate the techniques and/or style of some person, place, or thing
how was satire related to the enlightenment
Satire was used as a weapon to expose the follies of society and hold them up to ridicule
What is the enlightened disposition also known as
Enlightened Absolutism
what did ruler desire during the enlightenment disposition
Rulers desired to make effective governments, stronger economies and more powerful militaries
what were the main principles of the enlightenment
principles of reason and tolerance to carry out reforms
during the enlightenment disposition, how did rulers rule
Ruers maintained virtually unlimited power, not the same as constitutional rule
how was the crown’s authority impacted by the enlightenment disposition
Strengthen the authority of the crown through centralized power
what was the desire with regard to law during the enlightenment disposition
Desire for a single law code for the entire state
how were religious institutions impacted but he enlightenment
Religious institutions were brought under stricter control
Increased religious tolerance under some rulers
how was the economy impacted by the enlightenment
Strengthening of the economy through state intervention
what was the aim of the enlightenment
Aim was to both improve the lot of their subjects, as well as make more powerful monarchies
who were key rulers of the enlightenment
fredrick II (the great) of Prussia Joseph II of Austria Catherine II (the Great) of Russia Maria Theresa of the Holy Roman Empire Gustav III of Sweden
when did the french revolution occur
1789 – 1799
what were the different stages and gov’t forms of the french revolution
Pre revolution (Absolute monarchy) Moderate Phase (Constitutional monarchy) Radical Phase (Republic) Terror (Dictatorship) Thermidorian Reaction (Oligarchy) Napoleonic France (Emperor, absolute power)
what were the 4 causes of the french revolution
Political Issues, Economic Problems, Social Tensions, Intellectual Influences
what were the political issues
Leadership and No representation
What was wrong with the leadership (with regards to political issues)
long history of poor leaders (especially Louis XIV) and legacy of absolutism
Louis XIV— not fit to rule
Marie Antoinette – spending and habits, inability to conceive
expand on the “no representation” point (with regard to the political issues)
Absolute rule/divine right
No Estates General since 1614
No Parliament – only Parliaments (13) which dealt with local matters
What were the economic problems
Long term:
Louis XIV’s extravagant spending (Versailles, war)
Seven year’s war and colonies
American Revolution (aid)
Inefficient taxation (the poor paid the most taxes)
Massive debt
Short term:
Poor crops (winter of 1788-1789)
Inflation (cost of bread skyrockets)
New taxes imposed to pay for the aid to America