Unit 2

Question 1

A systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world.

Answer 1

Science

Question 2

Description, prediction, control and development of technology

Answer 2

Goals of Science

Question 3

Empirical phenomena; Direct observation & measurement of phenomena or its permanent products.

Answer 3

Natural science

Question 4

Physics, chemistry, biology, behavior analysis

Answer 4

Types of natural science

Question 5

Hypothetical constructs outside the natural realm; Indirect observation & measurement.

Answer 5

Social science

Question 6

Psychology, sociology, political science

Answer 6

Types of social science

Question 7

Determinism, empiricism, parsimony, philosophical doubt, pragmatism

Answer 7

Philosophical assumptions

Question 8

The universe is a lawful and orderly place.

Answer 8

Determinism

Question 9

Objective observation with thorough description and quantification of the phenomena of interest, behavior

Answer 9

Empiricism

Question 10

Systematic manipulation of an independent variable.

Answer 10

Experimentation

Question 11

Repeating any part of an experiment

Answer 11

Replication

Question 12

Requires that all simple, logical explanations for the phenomena of interest be ruled out experimentally before more complex or abstract explanations are considered.

Answer 12

Parsimony

Question 13

Continually question the truthfulness of what is regarded as fact.

Answer 13

Philosophical Doubt

Question 14

Assesses the truth of theories or beliefs in terms of the success of their practical application.

Answer 14

Pragmatism

Question 15

The philosophy or world view underlying behavior analysis. Posits that behavior is the subject matter of our science.

Answer 15

Behaviorism

Question 16

B.F. Skinner’s philosophy of the science of human behavior. Most influential type of behaviorism for guiding the science and practice of behavior analysis.

Answer 16

Radical Behaviorism

Question 17

Causes of behavior; probabilistic

Answer 17

Determinants of Behavior

Question 18

The process in which repeated cycles occur of variation, interaction with the environment, and differential replication as a function of the interaction

Answer 18

Selection

Question 19

The environment selects which variations survive and are passed on.

Answer 19

Natural Selection

Question 20

Cultural practices evolve as they contribute to the success of the practicing group.

Answer 20

Cultural Selection

Question 21

the nearness of events in time.

Answer 21

Temporal Contiguity

Question 22

A dependency between events.

Answer 22

Contingency

Question 23

S-S contingencies (pairing)
R-S contingencies
S-R-S contingencies (or the 3-term contingency)

Answer 23

Types of contingencies

Question 24

Direct observation
Repeated measures
Graph data
Manipulation
Systematic evaluation
Analysis and interpretation

Answer 24

Basic operations

Question 25

contingently present a stimulus immediately after the response

Answer 25

Consequential Operation (+)

Question 26

Contingently remove a stimulus immediately after the response.

Answer 26

Consequential Operation (-)

Question 27

A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience.

Answer 27

Learning.