Unit 2 Flashcards
(45 cards)
Enzyme structure
A protein that is folded to create an active site that only fits one substrate
How are enzymes slowed down in some cases
Enzymes prefer optimum temp and pH. If these are to high or too low the enzyme can slow or become non-working
If to many products are being made the final products can bind with the allosteric site to prevent the enzyme from binding with more substrates (feedback inhibition)
Relate enzymes to biochemical pathways
Metobolic pathways start with a reactant and end with a product, enzymes speed this
A-e1-B-e2-C-e3-D-e4-E
Where does glycolysis occur
Cytoplasm
Starting substrate of glycolysis
glucose
Ending product of glycolysis
pyruvate, ATP
Where does the preparatory reaction take place
mitochondria
where does the krebs cycle take place
mitochondria
where does electron transport chain take place
mitochondria
Starting substrate of preparatory cycle
2 pyruvate
Ending product of preparatory cycle
Acetyle coenzyme A, CO2
Starting substrate of krebs cycle
Acetyle CoA
Ending product of krebs cycle
NADH and FADH
Starting substrate of ETT
NADH and FADH
ending substrate of ETT
Water
Isotonic
Concentration is the same in and out of the cell
No net movement of water
Cell does not swell or shrink
Hypertonic
Concentration is less outside the cell so water moves out
Cell shrinks
Hypotonic
Concentration is less inside the cell than outside so water moves in
Cell swells
Interphase
Cell is not actively dividing
Cell carries out normal functions in this stage
G1
Cell doubles organelles
Makes decision to divide or not
S
DNA synthesis
G2
Growth phase
Prepare to divide
What does mitosis mean
period of nuclear division
Major events in prophase
chromosomes condense
spindle begins to assemble
Nuclear envelope disappears
