Unit 2 and 3

Question 1

Unsupported assertions

Answer 1

are not arguments. Examples: reports, illustrations, explanations, and conditionals

Question 2

Report

Answer 2

set of statements intended to provide info about a situation, topic, or event

Question 3

Illustration

Answer 3

statement together with an explanatory or clarifying example

Question 4

explanatory statement

Answer 4

provides a reason for the occurrence of some phenomenon

Question 5

Conditional statements

Answer 5

taken by themselves, are not technically arguments

Question 6

well-crafted arguments

Answer 6

arguments stated in such a way that their important logical features are explicit

Question 7

Well-crafted versions

Answer 7

making a bad argument into a good one

Question 8

Statements

Answer 8

sentences that are either true or false

Question 9

Premise Indicators

Answer 9

words that indicate the premise is following.

Examples: because, since, for, as, after all, the reason is that, in light of the fact that, and based on the fact that

Question 10

Conclusion indicators

Answer 10

Signal conclusions

Examples: so, therefore, consequently, etc.

Question 11

Standard form

Answer 11

Put conditional premises or conclusions in form

If A then B

Question 12

Discount

Answer 12

Acknowledgement of a fact or possibility that might be thought to render the argument invalid, weak, unsound, or uncogent

Question 13

Rhetorical elements

Answer 13

elements that increases an arguments psychological persuaviness without affecting its validity, strength, soundness, or cogency

Question 14

Assurance

Answer 14

a statement, word, or phrase that indicates that the author is confident of a premise or inference

Question 15

Hedge

Answer 15

statement, word, or phrase that indicates that the arguer is tentative about a premise or inference
Examples: I think that, in my opinion, and perhaps

Question 16

Subconclusion

Answer 16

Is supported by a premise, but it also supports at least one further statement

Question 17

Proposition

Answer 17

a truth or a falsehood that may or may not be expressed in a sentence

Question 18

Cognitive meaning

Answer 18

the extent that a sentence conveys info

Question 19

Emotive force

Answer 19

the extent that a sentence expresses or elicits emotions

Question 20

Vague

Answer 20

imprecise word

Question 21

Extension

Answer 21

consists of the set of things to which the term applies

Question 22

Intension

Answer 22

the properties a thing must have in order to be included in the terms extension

Question 23

Ostensive Definition

Answer 23

Defining by pointing to

Question 24

enumerative definition

Answer 24

names the members of the extension individually

Question 25

lexical definition

Answer 25

reports the conventional or established intension of a term

Question 26

Stipulative definition

Answer 26

specifies the intension of a term independently of convention or established use

Question 27

Precising Definition

Answer 27

reduces the vagueness of a term by imposing limits on the conventional meaning

Question 28

Definiendum

Answer 28

a word being defined

Question 29

definiens

Answer 29

the word or word that do the defining

Question 30

Merely Verbal Dispute

Answer 30

occurs when two or more disputants appear to disagree but an ambiguous word hides the fact that the disagreement is unreal

Question 31

Persuasive definition

Answer 31

slanted in favor of a particular conclusion or point of view