Unit 2: Animals

Question 1

What does chemoheterotrophs mean?

Answer 1

An organic source of carbon provide energy

Question 2

From what animals evolved?

Answer 2

Protist that formed colonies

Question 3

What are the four types of tissues present in animals

Answer 3

Epithelium, connective tissue, nervous tissue and muscle

Question 4

What is the role of the epithelium (tissue)?

Answer 4

Covers exterior and interior surfaces

Question 5

What are the 3 roles of the connective tissue

Answer 5

1) provide support
2) protect
3) bind other tissues together

Question 6

What are the nervous tissue

Answer 6

controls other tissues/organs

Question 7

what are the role of muscles

Answer 7

contract (shorten) to produce movement

Question 8

left and right, top and bottom, superior and inferior, dorsal and ventral, front and back, anterior and posterior, head and tail are examples of?

Answer 8

Bilateral symmetry

Question 9

Bilateral symmetry is present in..?

Answer 9

All animal groups except : Porifera (sponges) are asymmetrical and Radiata (jellyfish) have a radial symmetry (top/bottom but no front/back or left/right)

Question 10

Describe the body cavity and its role?

Answer 10

It is a fluid-filled space, which develops in early embryo, providing space for organs and systems to develop (respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems)

Question 11

How many parts does the ventral body cavity has ?

Answer 11

1) Thoracic cavity (area above diaphragm)

2) Abdominopelvic cavity (area below diaphragm)

Question 12

Which animals have a body cavity and which don’t?

Answer 12

All animal group have a body cavity except Porifera (sponges), Radiata (jellyfish) and Platyhelminths (flatworms).

Question 13

What are the 3 advantages of animals having a body cavity?

Answer 13

1) more organs and systems
2) longer digestive tract which allows food to remain longer and increase the exposure of food of digestive enzymes and the absorption of nutrients
3) can store egg and sperm

Question 14

What are the two openings of the digestive tract (GI)?

Answer 14

Mouth (food in) and anus ( wastes out)

Question 15

Name in order the organs of the GI tract in humans?

Answer 15

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Question 16

What are the basic functions of the digestive tract?

Answer 16

Ingest: food enters, Digest: chemical/enzyme breakdown food, Absorb: nutrients, Defecate: waste

Question 17

How does the food mix and move in the GI tract?

Answer 17

Smooth muscles in organs of GI tract mix and move food

Question 18

What are the two animal groups that have a single opening/digestive cavity?

Answer 18

Radiata and platyhelminths have a mouth but no anus

Question 19

What are the two animal groups who have two openings but no muscles to move the food?

Answer 19

Nematoda and Rotifera

Question 20

How does the Nematoda and Rotifera move their food without muscles?

Answer 20

Food moves only when animal moves

Question 21

Describe the movement of food for the animals have a complete digestive cavity

Answer 21

The muscles allow movement of the food independent of the animal movement

Question 22

What is the purpose of jointed appendages?

Answer 22

Increase flexibility and efficiency of movement

Question 23

Name two exemples of jointed appendages in humans

Answer 23

arms and legs

Question 24

In vertebrates, movement uses muscles attached to what and controlled by what?

Answer 24

Muscles attached to bones (endoskeleton) and the movement is controlled by nervous system

Question 25

What is the only animal group that does not have a nervous system?

Answer 25

Porifera has a neutral net

Question 26

What is the name of the other animals groups with jointed appendages but who does not have muscles attached to the endoskeleton?

Answer 26

Arthropods have muscles attached to exoskeleton

Question 27

How are called cells that divide to create the ova and engulfs the sperm?

Answer 27

Oocyte

Question 28

Explain the process of cleavage?

Answer 28

To get from fertilization to the formation of hallow ball of cells called blastocyst by repeated cell division with no cell growth

Question 29

To which group of animals does the term blastocyst applies ?

Answer 29

Mammal = blastocyst. Other animals : blastula

Question 30

How are called the cells in blastocyst

Answer 30

blastomeres

Question 31

How is called the fluid-filled body cavity in blastocyst

Answer 31

blastocoel

Question 32

What is gastrulation

Answer 32

the rearrangement of cells to create 3 germ layers (the embryotic tissue endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm)

Question 33

What organs are formed from endoderm?

Answer 33

lungs, bladder, liver, pancreas, several glands

Question 34

Name three organs developed from ectoderm?

Answer 34

skin, pituitary gland, nails, hair, tooth enamel, lenses of eyes, several glands (all have access to exterior surface of the body)

Question 35

How is called the formation of organs

Answer 35

organogenesis

Question 36

From which layers are these organs developed from : skeletal system, blood cells, blood vessels, kidneys?

Answer 36

Mesoderm

Question 37

What are the three types of muscles?

Answer 37

Smooth, Skeletal, cardiac

Question 38

How is called the part that become the body cavity in embryo?

Answer 38

Coelom

Question 39

What animals have a complete digestive track?

Answer 39

``` Molluscs Annelids Arthropods Echinodermata Chordates ```

Question 40

Which major animal phyla has jointed appendages and bones

Answer 40

Chordata

Question 41

Name the 6 animal groups that have three embryonic tissue layers?

Answer 41

Platyhelminths, Nematoda, Mollusca, Annelids, Arthropods, vertebrates