Unit 2: Biochemistry Overview

Question 1

Define

Hydrocarbons

Answer 1

Chains of carbons and hydrogens

Question 2

Define

Isomer

Answer 2

Any molecules with the same chemical formula but different arrangement of atoms

Question 3

Define

Structural isomer

Answer 3

An isomer where the bonds are placed differently (ex: butane and isobutane)

Question 4

Define

Geometric isomer

Answer 4

An isomer where the arrangement of atoms around double bonds differ

Question 5

cis

Answer 5

Having functional groups and/or carbons that reside on the same side of a double bond

Question 6

trans

Answer 6

Having functional groups and/or carbons that reside on opposite sides of a double bond

Question 7

Define

Enantiomers

Answer 7

Mirror image isomers

Question 8

Draw

Hydroxyl

Answer 8

Question 9

Draw

Methyl

Answer 9

Question 10

Draw

Carbonyl

Answer 10

Question 11

Draw

Carboxyl

Answer 11

Question 12

Draw

Amino

Answer 12

Question 13

Draw

Phosphate

Answer 13

Question 14

Draw

Sulfhydryl

Answer 14

Question 15

List

Four types of macromolecules

Answer 15

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic acids

Question 16

Single units of macromolecules are called

Answer 16

monomers

Question 17

Define

Polymer

Answer 17

Many connected monomers

Question 18

What reactions make and break polymers?

Answer 18

Dehydration synthesis makes polymers

Hydrolysis breaks polymers

Question 19

Energy in metabolic reactions

Answer 19

Making new bonds (forming polymers) requires energy

Breaking bonds (breaking down polymers) releases energy

Question 20

Identify the parts of a chemical reaction

Answer 20

Left: Reactants - what you start with in a chemical reaction
Right: Products - what you end with in a chemical reaction

Question 21

Apply the Law of Conservation of Matter to chemical reactions

Answer 21

Whatever atoms are present at the start of a reaction must also be present at the end

Question 22

Define

Metabolism

Answer 22

All chemical reactions that happen in an organism

Question 23

Catabolic Reactions

Answer 23

Metabolism where molecules are broken down and energy is released

Question 24

Anabolism

Answer 24

Metabolism where molecules are built, requiring an input of energy

Question 25

State the Two Laws of Thermodynamics

Answer 25

1st law: Energy cannot be created nor destroyed; it can be transformed or transferred 2nd law: All transfers and transformations of energy contribute to an increase in entropy in the universe

Question 26

The 1st Law of Thermodyanimcs is also known as

Answer 26

Principle of Conservation of Energy

Question 27

What is **entropy**?

Answer 27

Chaos / randomness "Unusable" energy

Question 28

What happens to potential energy throughout a chemical reaction?

Answer 28

Reactants are stable (at their relative low point for potential energy) Energy is absorbed which destabilizes the reactants, increasing potential energy New bonds form, which releases energy and lowers potential energy Products are stable (at a new relative low point for potential energy)

Question 29

Exergonic

Answer 29

Chemical reaction where more energy is released than required; Net release of energy from chemical bonds

Question 30

Endergonic

Answer 30

Chemical reaction where more energy is absorbed than released; Net increase of energy in chemical bonds

Question 31

What type of reactions lead to more complex molecules?

Answer 31

**Endergonic** (since energy is required) If the reaction happens in a body/cell, then it is considered **anabolic**, the metabolic reaction where molecules are *BUILT*

Question 32

What type of reactions lead to a break down of complex molecules?

Answer 32

**Exergonic** (since energy is released) If the reaction happens in a body/cell, then it is considered **catabolic**, the metabolic reaction where molecules are *BROKEN DOWN*

Question 33

What is made as a byproduct of all chemical reactions? | Think: energy

Answer 33

Heat / Entropy

Question 34

What energy-related terms are associated with **dehydration** reactions?

Answer 34

anabolism endergonic | NOTE: This card has been edited/corrected.

Question 35

What energy-related terms are associated with **hydrolysis** reactions?

Answer 35

catabolic exergonic

Question 36

List the four types of large organic molecules

Answer 36

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Question 37

Monomer of **Carbohydrates**

Answer 37

Monosaccharides

Question 38

Monomer of **Triglycerides**

Answer 38

Glycerol & 3 fatty acids

Question 39

Monomer of **Proteins**

Answer 39

amino acids

Question 40

Monomer of **Nucleic acids**

Answer 40

Nucleotides