UNIT 2-BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES🤎

Question 1

describe the tests for: reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, starch, lipids and proteins

Answer 1

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Question 2

define the terms: monomer, polymer and macromolecule

Answer 2

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Question 3

explain how polymers are formed from monomers, differentiate between condensation and hydrolysis reactions (relate hydrolysis reactions to the non-reducing test)

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Question 4

define the terms: monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

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Question 5

draw and describe the ring forms of the two types of glucose

Answer 5

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Question 6

give examples of common reducing and non-reducing sugars
state three common disaccharides and their monosaccharides

Answer 6

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Question 7

define a glycosidic bond, draw ring structures to show and explain the formation of maltose and sucrose

Answer 7

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Question 8

differentiate between starch and glycogen, relate the characteristics of starch to it’s function

Answer 8

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Question 9

describe the molecular structure of amylose, amylopectin and glycogen, relate all their structures to their functions

Answer 9

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Question 10

explain and draw ring structures showing how cellulose is formed, outline how the arrangement of cellulose molecules contributes to their function (3)

Answer 10

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Question 11

what are lipids made up of? describe the general structure of fatty acids (2) and explain the difference between the two types of fatty acids with the use of diagrams

Answer 11

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Question 12

explain what glycerol is in relation to esterification and an ester bond

Answer 12

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Question 13

what are triglycerides? describe the structure of triglycerides (with reference to fatty acids, glycerol and the formation of ester bonds), give two characteristics of triglyceride molecules (use diagram if necessary)

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Question 14

relate the structure of triglycerides to their function (3)

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Question 15

describe the structure of phospholipids in detail (use diagram if necessary)

Answer 15

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Question 16

draw and describe the general structure of an amino acid, use a diagram to explain the formation and breakage of a bond between two amino acids, name this bond

Answer 16

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Question 17

explain the meaning of the term primary structure using a diagram if necessary, label what is found on both ends of the chain of an amino acid

Answer 17

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Question 18

explain the meaning of the term secondary structure using a diagram, include the types of bonding present in your explanation

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Question 19

explain the meaning of the term tertiary structure using a diagram, talk about the types of bonding present

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Question 20

explain the meaning of the term quaternary structure, talk about the types of bonding present

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Question 21

explain using diagrams if necessary the four types of bonds that hold proteins in precise shapes

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Question 22

what are globular proteins? state two characteristics of globular proteins in relation to their role and solubility

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Question 23

what are fibrous proteins? state two characteristics of fibrous proteins in relation to their role and solubility

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Question 24

which type of protein is haemoglobin? describe the structure of a molecule of haemoglobin in detail

Answer 24

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Question 25

what is a haem group? explain how many haem groups a haemoglobin molecule has, explain the importance of iron in the haem group

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Question 26

explain how the structure of haemoglobin is related to it's function

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Question 27

explain the cause and effects of sickle cell ammonia in relation to the structure of haemoglobin

Answer 27

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Question 28

which type of protein is collagen? explain the arrangement of collagen molecules to form fibres in detail (include types of bonds present), describe a characteristic of collagen in relation to it's structure

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Question 29

explain how hydrogen bonding occurs between water molecules in detail using diagrams

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Question 30

relate the properties of water to it's roles in living organisms (solvent action, high specific heat capacity, latent heat of vaporisation)

Answer 30

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