Unit 2 Bonding and Intermolecular forces

Question 1

why do bonds form?

Answer 1

because the molecule has a lower energy than its separated atoms

Question 2

what are the two types of bonds?

Answer 2

ionic and covalent bonds

Question 3

ionic bond

Answer 3

electrostatics attraction between oppositely changed atoms

Question 4

how do ionic solids form?

Answer 4

because opposites charged ions are attracted to each other in all directions

ions have no directional attraction

Question 5

covalent bonding? how are electrons usually shared?

Answer 5

electrons sharing between nonmetals

electrons are not usually shared equally

Question 6

electronegativity

Answer 6

the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself

Question 7

electronegativity difference to identify types of bonds

Answer 7

less than 0.4 nonpolar

between 0.4 and 1.7 polar

greater than 1.7 ionic

Question 8

lewis structure? Covalent bond? Covalent pair?

Answer 8

drawing of covalently bonded atoms

covalent bond is a line

covalent pair is two dots

Question 9

what are the steps to drawing a lewis diagram?

Answer 9

1.determine the total number of valence electrons

2.draw the covalent bonds between each atom where less electronegative atom goes in the middle

3. give out remain g ecltrons as lone pairs that each atom has a full valence shell
4. if some atoms do not have a full valence shell turn the lone pairs into bonds

Question 10

VSPER job

Answer 10

predict the shape of molecule based on its electron configuration

Question 11

what is a dipole moment

Answer 11

a measure of separation of charge in a molecule arising from unequal sharing of electrons in a polar bond

Question 12

what are the four types of intermolecular forces

Answer 12

1. ion dipole
2. dipole dipole
3. hydrogen bonds
4. London dispersion forces

Question 13

ion dipole interaction

Answer 13

interaction between a fully charged ion and the partial charges of a polar molecule

Question 14

how does the energy of attraction in an ion dipole interaction increase and decrease?

Answer 14

increase with charge of ion

decreases with square of distance between the ion and the dipole

Question 15

what is hydrogen bonding

Answer 15

dipole dipole interaction between a hydrogen and a highly electronegative atom such as NOF

Question 16

London diperson forces

Answer 16

Temporary dipole bond due to uneven distribution of electrons

Question 17

electrons cloud are polarizable meaning

Answer 17

susceptible to distortion by other neighbouring atoms

Question 18

what is atom electron cloud proportional to?

Answer 18

the amount of electron and mass

Question 19

intermolecular forces from weakest to strongest

Answer 19

1.LDF
2. DD
3.H bond
4.ionic bond

Question 20

what is the angle between a linear molecule?

Answer 20

180 degrees

Question 21

what many electron groups are in a trigonal planar? what are the angles?

Answer 21

3 electron groups

120 degrees

Question 22

what many electron groups are in a tetrahedral? what are the angles?

Answer 22

4 electron groups

109.5 degrees

Question 23

what many electron groups are in a trigonal bipyramidal? what are the angles?

Answer 23

3 along the x-axis all 120 degrees apart and two along the y-axis 90 degrees away from the x-axis

Question 24

what many electron groups are in an octahedral? what are the angles?

Answer 24

6 electron groups all 90 degrees apart